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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Which detection enzyme results in the formation of a final reaction product by the removal of a phosphate group

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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2
Q

What is true of the LSAB detection system

A

secondary antibody is biotinylated

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3
Q

This alkaline phosphatase substrate is most sensitive since it continues to develop over many hours

A

BCIP/NBT

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4
Q

Doesn’t affect primary incubation time

A

pH

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5
Q

One advantage of using fragmented secondary antibodies is that they

A

Penetrate tissue more efficiently

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6
Q

Which of the following will help to reduce unavoidable aggregation and polymerization of antibodies to the storage container

A

BSA

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7
Q

Which of the following diluents would be a logical choice for immunofluorescence (IF) on a frozen section

A

PBS

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8
Q

Which of the following could be used as an enhancer for alkaline phosphatase detection

A

Magnesium chloride

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9
Q

When a primary antibody conjugated with an enzyme is used, the technique is called

A

Direct

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10
Q

Which of the following is an example of a DAB enhancer

A

Copper sulfate

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11
Q

An IHC labeling method in which a large avidin-biotin complex is directly labeled with an enzyme is called

A

ABC

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12
Q

An advantage of polymer detection over LSAB is

A

Decreased nonspecific staining

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13
Q

This visualization method provides the best microscopic image quality

A

Fluorophore

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14
Q

A common fluorophore used in immunohistochemistry is

A

Fluorescein/FITC

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15
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of RTU antibodies

A

Shorter shelf life

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16
Q

If the pipette tip is immersed too far into the reagent this can occur

A

More liquid than intended will be aspirated

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17
Q

A disadvantage of DAB chromogen is that

A

False positives may occur without endogenous peroxidase blocking

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18
Q

Which of the following is an AP substrate

A

Naphthol AS-MX

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19
Q

In regards to concentrated antibodies, which would be the best practice

A

Aliquot into smaller amounts to avoid repeated freezing and thawing

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20
Q

This type of polymer is most susceptible to steric hindrance

A

Dextran polymer

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21
Q

You should pause with the pipette tip in the liquid for at least one second after aspirating or this may result

A

An inaccurate amount may be aspirated

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22
Q

Prediluted antibodies are typically stored at

A

2 to 8°C

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23
Q

The shelf life of an antibody is directly linked to

A

Proper storage

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24
Q

Which of the following antibody diluents has a higher risk for non-specific background staining

A

PBS

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25
In which instance would AEC be preferred over DAB
When evaluating a melanocytic lesion
26
Which of the following is a substrate/chromogen used in alkaline phosphatase detection
BCIP/NBT
27
An increased antibody concentration would have what effect on the primary incubation
Decreased time
28
Which antibody format can be used as it is received from the vendor
RTU
29
The compact polymer is considered more sensitive than its dextran counterpart due to the
Smaller size
30
Which of the following reagents would be added to diluents to decrease surface tension
Tween 20
31
Which factor determines the optimal primary incubation time
Point of saturation or equilibrium
32
With this type of detection system, the enzyme and secondary antibody can be conjugated on the same complex
Polymer
33
The streptavidin complex (LSAB) method incorporates
streptavidin-biotin complex bound to a biotin labeled secondary antibody
34
Fluorochrome-conjugated primary antibodies are an example of
Direct detection
35
Low affinity primary antibodies may require a(n)
Overnight incubation
36
Which of the following is a substrate/chromogen used with horseradish peroxidase
DAB
37
When using the direct method for immunofluorescence
Fluorochrome-labeled primary antibody is applied
38
Which is one of the two most important considerations with antibody storage and handling
Temperature
39
An advantage of direct detection is the
Shorter staining time
40
A disadvantage of fluorescent visualization is that
Photo-bleaching can occur
41
In the indirect immunohistochemistry method
Unlabeled primary antibody is used
42
Which of the following is a chromogen used in HRP immunohistochemistry that is soluble in alcohol
AEC
43
The concentration of antibody in serum is referred to as the
Titer
44
The antibody dilution is the proportion of antibody to:
Diluent
45
Which of the following lists the sensitivity of indirect detection methods from least sensitive to most sensitive
ABC, LSAB, dextran polymer, compact polymer
46
The antibody diluent pH should be between
7-9
47
Which is true of the ABC method
Large complex which can hinder specificity
48
What is the most common host species of secondary antibodies
Goat
49
The secondary antibody must
Be directed against the host species of the primary
50
The average primary incubation time is
10-30 mins
51
Turbidity or cloudiness of IHC reagents likely indicates
Contamination
52
Which of the following best describes the method shown in the image
Indirect polymer
53
Which of the following factors governs the optimal antibody dilution
Intrinsic affinity
54
Which type of detection system will allow for conjugation of both anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies on the same complex
Polymer
55
Alkaline phosphatase is isolated from
Calf intestine
56
The peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining method visualizes the antibody-antigen interaction with a(n)
Tertiary antibody directed against an enzyme
57
The most preferred regulatory status of antibodies used in a clinical setting is
IVD
58
Antibodies within this regulatory status are not intended for diagnostic use
RUO
59
Red chromogen may be chosen over brown (DAB) for which of the following reasons
Provides good contrast in melanocytic lesions
60
This type of visualization would most likely be used to demonstrate antigens in frozen tissue sections
FITC
61
Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of the AP detection enzyme
Excess hydrogen peroxide
62
Which of the following antibody diluents would provide the best staining results
TBS
63
Horseradish peroxidase requires the presence of this to catalyze the reaction with DAB
Hydrogen peroxide
64
With which antigen retrieval technique would you likely need to lengthen the primary antibody incubation time
HIER using a water bath
65
Which of the following would be an advantage of concentrated antibodies
Extended shelf life
66
What is the relationship between the antibody dilution and concentration
The higher the dilution, the lower the concentration
67
Diluent is combined with a/n ____________________ to create a working dilution
Antibody
68
The primary antibody is goat anti-mouse. What would be the optimal choice for the secondary antibody
Bovine anti-goat
69
Which of the following is NOT a factor when selecting a chromogen
Molecule size
70
In relation to antibody storage, this diluent component serves as a stabilizing or carrier protein
BSA
71
Which of the following is not a factor affecting the optimal dilution of an antibody
The regulatory status of the antibody
72
A low salt concentration is added to diluents to
Decrease nonspecific interaction

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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