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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

The lab switches to a xylene substitute in the processor. Which phase of the Total Test Approach is affected

A

Pre-Analytical

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2
Q

With a new antibody optimization you should first

A

Consult the antibody specification sheet

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3
Q

Companion diagnostic assay results are essential for all of the following reasons except

A

Determine the patient’s survival rate

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4
Q

Which of the following antibodies can be included in a panel to identify mast cells

A

Tryptase

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5
Q

An antibody cocktail used for simultaneous IHC staining may contain

A

Both rabbit and mouse antibodies

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6
Q

Which Her 2 score indicates the highest response to the drug Herceptin?

A

3+

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7
Q

An automated IHC instrument would be a desirable addition to the histology laboratory because they:

A

Offer consistency

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8
Q

The detection of two or more antigens in the same tissue section is defined as

A

Dual or multi-staining

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9
Q

Digital pathology can be useful for

A

Improving quality assurance

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10
Q

Which of the following antibodies is a mesenchymal marker which aids in the diagnosis of sarcomas

A

Vimentin

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11
Q

Testing a panel of tissues or cases to determine consistency and reproducibility in antibody performance is referred to as

A

Validation

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12
Q

Which of the following is a component of the pre-analytical phase

A

Fixation

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13
Q

An equivocal Her-2 score of 2+ would result in

A

Reflex to FISH

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14
Q

In this type of IHC instrument technology, continuous movement of the covertile ensures even distribution of the reagents over the slide

A

Dynamic Gap Staining

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15
Q

The variability that can occur between histology labs when handling tissue from surgical removal to fixation is a strong hindrance of

A

Standardization

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16
Q

Which of the following would be a technical challenge of multi-staining

A

Balancing signal intensities

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17
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of sequential staining

A

Minimized cross-reactivity

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a protocol parameter for optimization

A

Fixation

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19
Q

Image analysis aids in

A

Interpretation

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20
Q

Which of the following antibody regulatory statuses would not require additional documentation in the pathology report

A

IVD

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21
Q

An automated IHC instrument would be beneficial by

A

Reducing human error

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22
Q

Determining whether the positive tissue control stained appropriately is part of which phase of the Total Test Approach

A

Post-analytical

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23
Q

Choosing which antigen retrieval method to use is a component of which phase of the total test approach

A

Analytical

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24
Q

Which two components are used to score ER and PR results

A

The proportion of cells positive and the intensity of the signal

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25
A rapid consultation is needed for a patient from another hospital. What would be an optimal application in this instance
Digital pathology
26
Deciding which antigen retrieval method to use when optimizing a protocol is a component of which phase of the Total Test Approach
Analytical
27
Which of the following would be an advantage of multi-staining
Conservation of tissue
28
An open system should only be considered if the laboratory has
Highly skilled histotechs
29
Which two primary antibodies would be included in a Hodgkin's lymphoma panel
CD15 and CD30
30
This type of IHC instrument allows for single slides to be loaded and unloaded independently
Continuous
31
NordiQC or HistoQIP are examples of which type of quality assurance measure
External
32
Which of the following is a limitation for multi-staining
All antibodies must be optimized for the same antigen retrieval
33
Which of the following would not be a CAP recommendation relating to quality assurance
Barcode tracking must be implemented
34
Simultaneous multi-staining allows for
Quicker turn around times
35
Reviewing slides after each IHC run for specificity is an example of:
Internal quality assurance
36
Which of the following antibodies is classified as a prognostic or predictive marker
Her-2
37
In this type of staining technology, a dispenser applies reagent to slides arranged horizontally
Open individual slide system
38
A lack of standardization likely results in
Poor reproducibility
39
You are asked to demonstrate two antigens on the same slide using two mouse monoclonal antibodies. Which staining method would you choose in order to minimize cross-reactivity
Sequential
40
For initial validation of Class II predictive markers, CAP guidelines suggest
20 positive and 20 negative tissues
41
An external IHC quality assurance program is important
To compare results between different laboratories
42
Of the following antibodies, which one is a marker of T-cells only
CD3
43
HMB45 is typically used in a panel for the diagnosis of
Melanoma
44
Which instance would require partial re-validation
The fixative was changed
45
The process of determining the optimal protocol parameters to ensure that the primary antibody reacts specifically with the target antigen is referred to as
Optimization
46
One of the purposes of image analysis is to
Quantify staining intensity and proportion
47
CD45 will detect which cell type
Lymphocytes
48
For initial validation of Class I non-predictive markers, CAP guidelines suggest
10 positive and 10 negative tissues
49
This type of IHC staining system allows for increased protocol options during optimization
Open
50
This type of IHC instrument requires that slides to be loaded and off-loaded at the same pre-determined time
Batch
51
A breast nodule is suspected of having metastasized from a carcinoma of a different organ. Which two antibodies may be used in a panel to determine the complex epithelial origin
CK7 and CK20
52
An open IHC staining system may be preferred due to
Increased flexibility
53
Which of the following is an optimization recommendation when selecting the antigen retrieval method
Refer to the antibody specification sheet
54
Ensuring consistent and reproducible IHC results is referred to as
Standardization
55
According to CAP guidelines, the initial validation should achieve 90% accordance between the new assay and
Expected results
56
Which of the following antibodies could be used to differentiate between a B cell or T cell lymphoma
CD3 and CD20
57
The cytokeratin antibody clone AE1/AE3/PCK26 would demonstrate which tissue type
Epithelium
58
In order to produce the most consistent results for image analysis, what type of IHC staining system would be recommended
Closed
59
Which of the following is an antibody used to detect an infectious agent
EBV
60
A next-generation antibody may be defined as an assay that
Improves upon a previous clone
61
Which of the following is a key factor hindering IHC standardization
Variability and options offered by manufacturers
62
An advantage of multi-staining is that
Spatial relationships between antigens can be determined
63
The lack of universal interpretation standards affects which phase of the total test approach
Post-analytical
64
An antibody cocktail targeting three different antigens is used. Which method of multi-staining would this be referred to
Simultaneous
65
Which of the following is a predictive marker for breast cancer
ER
66
Which protocol parameter is selected dependent on the detection enzyme used
Chromogen
67
Complementary diagnostic assay results are
Not required for therapy administration
68
In this IHC staining technology, a proprietary oil-based fluid is applied over the reagent on the slide to inhibit evaporation
Liquid overlay system
69
One purpose of an antibody panel is to
Determine origin of tumors
70
A technical challenge of sequential multi-staining would be
Avoiding overrinsing or masking of the first chromogen
71
In image analysis, images are analyzed using
Algorithms
72
In sequential staining, inadequate results may occur due to improper
Elution/Rinsing
73
Which of the following is an example of a common algorithm used in histopathology laboratories
Her-2
74
The purpose of validation is to
Ensure reliable and consistent results
75
Which of the following is true: Lung adenocarcinomas are typically
CK7 positive

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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