Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology in Society > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

heat index

A

combine temp and rel. humidity to estimate perceived temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

extreme hot effects

A

corn production, agricultural effects
animal domestication
functional cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

these are two examples of where climate has fallen civilizations

A

mayan
old kingdom of eqypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

reacting to the outside environment, reproducing, and water are all factors of

A

self-sustainability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Life Unity of Characteristics

A

organization, information flow, energy utilization, interactions, evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

all cells have; (4)
PCPD

A

have a plasma membrane
cytosol found in interior
use ribosomes in protein synthesis
and use DNA as the heritable material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

emergent properties are

A

new emerging properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gene

A

hereditary units of information that encodes for a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two types of metabolism

A

anabolic reactions which use energy to synthesize (combine) more complex molecules
and catabolic reactions that break down complex molecules to capture energy and recycled materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

producers…

A

decomposers, consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

element can/cannot be broken
compound can/cannot be broken

A

cannot
can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

there are __ naturally occurring elements

A

92

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__ __ __ and __ make up about 96% of our body

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the atomic number is at the

A

top of the element and is the number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the letter in the middle is the

A

element symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the atomic mass is

A

at the bottom of the element and is the sum of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Charles Darwin 1859

A

natural selection, LUCA was Darwins explanation of the evolutionary relationship between species, (Last Universal Common Ancestors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Assumption

A

more similar two DNA sequences move closely related species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the scientific method has

A

6 steps
form a hypothesis
make predictions
run experiments
gathering data
interpreting data
drawing conclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

plausible and falsifiable

A

plausible; likely to be true giving existing information
falsifiable; allows statistical information to prove a hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

independent variable
dependent variable
control variable

A

the independent variable is what you change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that. You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the dependent variable as the effect
control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dioxine is

A

one of the most cancer causing compounds, highly effects liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

placebo and nocebo

A

observed negative effect of placebo not attributable to any active ingredient or procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sham surgery and sugar pills are examples of

A

placebo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
internal communication
share results in lab or department
26
external communication
meetings, websites, other departments
27
neutrons=
atomic mass - atomic number
28
unstable
tend to spontaneously decay and give off subatomic particles and energy which leads to the transformation of another element
29
nuclear medicine
controlled use of radioactive material in the body to diagnose and/or treat certain diseases ex; CAT scan, x-ray, radioactive seeds for prostate cancer
30
ionic bond
two ions that are held together by opposite charges
31
covalent bond
two atoms share at least one electron pair/s to form bond
32
hydrogen bond
weak interaction between hydrogen atom in one molecule and an oxygen atom in another molecule
33
molecule
at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds
34
chemical compound
molecules containing atoms of two or more elements
35
organic compound
molecules containing at least one carbon atom
36
ions
Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the number of electrons. An ion therefore is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and therefore has a negative or positive charge. Ionization is the process of exchanging electrons among atoms or molecules
37
cation
positively charged ion
38
anion
negatively charged ion
39
electrolyte
soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current
40
salts
ionic compound consisting of any cation except H+ and any anion, except OH- dissociate completely in water
41
old chemical bonds
combination of atoms are broken
42
new chemical bonds
nominations of atoms are formed
43
single covalent bond
one pair of e- shared y 2 nuclei
44
double covalent bond
2 e- pairs are shared between 2 nuclei
45
free radical
species containing an unpaired e- in its outer shell
46
electronegativity
measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a shared e-
47
non-polar covalent bond
A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms. so bond is electrically neutral
48
unequal sharing of e-
by atoms with different electronegativity values, polar covalent bonds
49
Weak attractive force between: partical + charge on
H atoms
50
Weak attractive force between: partical - charge on
an O, N, F atom in another covalent bond
51
Weak attractive force:
not creating new molecules, change shape
52
water molecules are
cohesive high heat capacity absorbs small polar molecules good solvent of ionic compounds H2O=H+ + OH- Hydrogen bonds must break to change phases
53
cohesion
attractive force between molecules, transport against gravity
54
adhesion
cling of one substance to another, adhesion to cell walls resist gravity
55
surface tension
ordered, arranged hydrogen-bonded H2O atoms H2O not H-bonded to overlying air
56
water is polar, not
a universal solvent
57
when a solute dissolves in a solvent this forms a
solution
58
solutions; homogenous mixture
greater than or equal to two substances
59
solutions; agueous solution (aq)
water is the solvent fluids of organisms are Aqueous
60
specific heat is
heat capacity
61
earths body of water
moderates earth's temperatures
62
base
substance that accepts H+ in solution
63
acid/ pH
measure of the concentration of H+ pH=-log(H) H=-(number on pH scale)
64
some substances dissolve in water and release
H+=(acid) H+=hydrogen ions
65
pH scale measures the
hydrogen+ concentration
66
a pH of less then 7 is a pH of more then 7 is a pH of 7 is
basic or alkaline acidic neutral
67
buffer
A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added before the pH of a buffer changes. An example of a buffer solution is bicarbonate in blood, which maintains the body's internal pH.
68
monomers
small, molecular subunits that become covalently linked to polymers
69
polymer
large molecule composed of covalently linked monomers
70
may be composed of the same monomer or related monomers, the biomolecules synthesize and therefore utilizes dehydration reactions. the biomolecules are;
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid
71
dehydration rxn
two molecules join to form a larger molecule Condensation, also called dehydration, refers to the removal of a water molecule during the linking of monomers.
72
carbohydrates are about __ of body weight function
1-3% of body weight energy source, storage molecules, structural molecules
73
hydrophilic
have a tendency to dissolve in water small sugars dissolve in water
74
monosaccharides 3 dietary sugars (hexose)
3-7 carbon atoms glucose, galactose, fructose
75
glucose is __ monosaccharides
6
76
equilibrium factors linear or ring structure?
ring
77
isomers different _____ = different ______
same chemical formula but different structures, the minor differences convey different properties Glucose and fructose are an example of C6H12O6 isomers, which differ based on the position of a double bonded O atom ex; C6H1206 is glucose, galactose, and fructose
78
disaccharide
2 monosaccharides react to form a glycosidic linkage glycosidic linkage: A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
79
hydrolysis
breakdown of sugars Hydrolysis is the opposite of a condensation reaction. During hydrolysis, a water molecule is used up in the breaking of a bond between two monomers. An H is added to one monomer, and an OH is added to the other.
80
polysaccharides
chains of around 100-1000 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages used for storage and structure
81
starch
polymer of glucose in plant cells
82
glycogen
polymer of glucose in muscle and liver cells Glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose
83
cellulose
major component of cell walls most abundant organic compound
84
lipids are synthesized by ________ and broken down by __________.
dehydration hydrolysis
85
_______ are assembled by dehydration reaction
fats
86
di-polysaccharides cannot produce energy before
they're broken down by hydrolysis
87
adipose cells
adipocytes swell and shrink as fat is deposited and withdrawn
88
triglycerides =
Triacylglycerols = are the most abundant fat category, formed by linking glycerol and fatty acids
89
fatty acid
carboxylic acid linked to a hydrocarbon chain energy source insulation protection
90
protein polymers are made up of ____ carbohydrate polymers are made up of ____ nucleic acid polymers are made up of ____
amino acid monomers simple sugars nucleotide monomers
91
what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fatty acids have hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds only. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
92
what is the basic building block of each kind of molecule?
each biological macromolecule is a polymer made from a basic building block a monomer
93
how are these building blocks linked together to form the larger molecule?
monomer building blocks are linked together via dehydration reactions to form polymers
94
how are larger molecules broken down?
polymers can be broken down into monomers that make them up via hydrolysis reactions

Biology in Society (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions