Exam 1 Flashcards by Haley Adkins

what does sanitation do

prevent the spread of disease from animal to animal, animal to human, fomite to animal, environment to animal,

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define fomite

non-living things that can transfer disease

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what is a nosocomial infection

infections contracted in a hospital/clinic setting

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what iatrogenic infection

infections cause/by during invasive procedures

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what are the AKC groups

hound
terrier
sporting
herding
toy
working
non-sporting

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what must a registered dog have

must have appropriate to breed characteristics
must have purebred sire/dam
dewclaws and tail docking

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what is a female dog

bitch
dam

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when do bitches reach sexual maturity

6 months although ultimately depends on the breed

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when do bitches go into heat and how many times

6 months
typically go into heat every 2 times per year

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how long is gestation for dogs

63 days

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what is dog parturition

whelping

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what is medical term for spay

ovariohysterectomy

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what is male dog called

stud or dog

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when do male dogs reach sexual maturity

6 months but depends on breed

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what is medical term for neuter

orchidectomy or orchiectomy

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what is relaxed, neutral, approachable for dogs

tail is half mast or wagging
stance is relaxed
ears are up or relaxed
soft eyes

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what is threatened “aggressive” dog behavior

growling or barking
showing teeth/snarling
hair standing
tense body
dilated eyes

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what is dominant dog behavior

tail set up high
high stance
weight on forelegs
retract lips
may lunge forward

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what is FAS dog behavior

semi-crouched stance
head, neck, ears, tail are lowered
backing away
sclera may be showing
trembling, yawning, salivating, licking lips

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what is submissive dog behavior

tail is tucked
exposed belly
ears down and back

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when bitten or scratched what do i do

wash injury with antibacterial soap
ice pack if swelling
incident report filled out
seek medical attention if warranted

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what are feline characteristics

semi-solitary
distinct personalities
territorial
special senses

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what are special senses of cats

exceptional night vision (6 times better than humans)
exceptional hearing
tactile whiskers

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what is a female cat

queen

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when are queens sexually mature

at 6 months

when do queens go into heat

seasonally polyestrous photoperiod related can go into heat every 2 weeks.

how long is queen gestation

63 days

what is parturition in cats

queening

name of male cats

toms

when are toms sexually mature

6 months

what is relaxed cat body language

tail relaxed body relaxed ears up or relaxed

what are upset cat warning signs

tail flicking eyes dilated tense body roll/twist to avoid vocalize ears back

defensive cat behavior

more vocalization- spitting, yowling arch body ears forward hair up crouched at the back/hiding tail is inverted L

aggressive cat behavior

direct stare tend to approach lunge or strike

what is physical exam

diagnostic test serves as the basis for subsequent assessment and intervention normal vs abnormal

what is the signalment for PE

name age breed gender

what are the primary vitals

temp pulse and heart rate respiration weight

normal temp range for cats and dogs

dogs- 100-102.2 cats- 100-102.2

how to get a rate of anything

count number of breaths, pulses, heart pumps over 15 seconds and multiply by 4

what is normal HR/pulse for canine and feline

canine- 60-160 BPM feline- 140-220 BPM

true/false HR and pulse should correspond

true

what is tachycardia

high HR/pulse

what is bradycardia

low HR/pulse

what is pulse deficit

pulse is lower than HR

what is a regular heart rhythm

normal rrythm

what is irregular heart rrhythm

arrythmia

what is sinus arrythmia is it normal for dogs is it normal for cats

rate will increase when pet inhales and decreases when exhales normal in dogs NOT cats

what is a murmur

softening of the edges of the normal crisp heart sound caused by abnormal blood flow through the heart

what is normal respiration in dogs and cats

canine- 16-32 RPM feline- 20-42 RPM

what is tachypnea

high respiration

what is bradypnea

low respiration

what is eupnea

normal breathing

what is dyspnea

difficulty breathing

what are the secondary vitals

mucus membranes (MM) capillary refill time (CRT) skin tent (ST)

where can MM be used

gums, vulva, prepuce

what does pink, pale, muddy, injected, cyanotic, icteric/jaundice for MM mean

pink- normal cyanotic- blue no oxygen injected- bright red shock muddy- dark red shock pale- white

what do we observe for MM

color and if they are moist or tacky

MM normal range for dogs and cats

dogs- pink cats- pink/light pink

what is CRT normal range for dogs and cats

canine- 1-2sec feline- 1-2sec

what is normal skin tent

immediately

what is general condition

gross abnormalities attitude BCS Integument= skin and coat Eyes Ears Nose Mouth/throat Abdomen Genitals Rectum Extremities Neck/back neurologic lung sound lymph nodes

how to PE integument

texture- oily, dry shiny dander alopecia euthymia staining scales, crust flea dirt, ectoparasites lesions

how to PE eyes

eyelid abnormalities conjunctiva discharge sclera cornea lens

how to PE ears

pinna external ear canal otoscope to visualize horizontal canal and tympanum

how to PE nose

discharge dryness lesions

how to PE mouth/throat

dental formula- missing teeth, broken, retained jaw alignment gingiva lesion growths

how to PE abdomen

place one hand on each side of abdomen, fingers pointing upward press fingertips of each hand gently inward toward the other hand palpate in quadrants and note any discomfort

how to PE genitals

check female vulva, see if spay incision check male testicles, prepuce, penis check nipples, mammary gland

how to PE rectum- perianul

gross exam- abnormalities rectal- not routinely performed unless indicated

how to PE extremities

palpate bone, muscle, joints range of motion note any abnormalities assess symmetry

how to PE neck/back

gross deformities palpate soft tissue assess mobility palpate spine

how to PE neurologic

hearing sight coordination- righting reflex

how to PE lungs

listen to 9 quadrants listen to trachea cough- productive vs nonproductive

normal lung sounds name abnormal lung sounds name

normal- clear abnormal- rales

how to PE lymph nodes

bilateral paired measured 2 dimensionally in milimeter

how many lymph nodes

where is mandibular lymph nodes located

under lower jaw

where is popliteal lymph nodes located

caudal to stifle

where is prescapular lymph nodes located

in front of shoulder

where is inguinal lymph nodes located

inside thigh

where is axillary lymph nodes located

armpit

which 2 lymph nodes can be felt normally

mandibular and popliteal