Exam 3

Question 1

how long does it take for fetal development in dogs and cats

Answer 1

63 days

Question 2

canine
how long is neonatal stage

Answer 2

14 days

Question 3

canine
explain neonatal stage

Answer 3

limited motor ability
righting reflex present
sensitive to touch, taste, and smell
eyes and ears closed and nonfunctional
completely reliant on dam

Question 4

what should be done to canines in neonatal stage

Answer 4

short periods of daily, gentle handling expedites physical and behavioral development
they will be more confident, exploring, social dominant and friendly towards humans

Question 5

canine
when does transition stage occur

Answer 5

complete reliance to independence
11-21 days

Question 6

canine
explain transition period

Answer 6

begins with opening of eyes and ends with opening of ear canals
startle easily
begin to stand and walk
begin to eliminate outside nest, licking by dam not needed
start play fighting and displaying social signals

Question 7

canine
when is socialization period

Answer 7

3-12 weeks of age

Question 8

canine
explain socialization stage

Answer 8

sensitive time for long lasting social attachments
if deprived of social play can lead to fear/aggression
most influential learning period
SAFE socialization- need to be vax
start socialization to other species
avoid traumatic experiences

Question 9

canine
when is juvenile period

Answer 9

3-4 months to sexual maturity (6 months)

Question 10

canine
explain juvenile period

Answer 10

may experience fear period
no exposure before this time= feral or globally fearful

Question 11

canine
when is adolescent period

Answer 11

sexual maturity (6 month) to 2-3 years

Question 12

canine
explain adolescent period

Answer 12

rapid growth
territorial behavior, increased independence
reinforcement of socialization

Question 13

what are canines that are at risk for behavioral problems

Answer 13

feral pups
hand reared pups
lack of or no socialization

Question 14

feline
when is neonatal stage

Answer 14

birth-3 weeks

Question 15

feline
explain neonatal stage

Answer 15

strong righting reflex
sensitive to tough, taste and smell

Question 16

feline
when does queen teach prey behavior

Answer 16

3 weeks

Question 16

feline
when is socialization period

Answer 16

2-10 weeks

Question 16

feline
explain socialization period

Answer 16

sensitive time for cat-cat and cat-human socialization

Question 17

feline
when does social play begin

Answer 17

4 weeks

Question 18

feline
when does independent prey behavior start

Answer 18

5 weeks

Question 19

feline
when is juvenile period

Answer 19

2-3 months

Question 20

what are kittens that are at risk for behavioral problems

Answer 20

feral kittens
hand-reared kittens if isolated

Question 21

when to adopt dog and cats

Answer 21

dog: 8-10 weeks
cat: 10-12 weeks

Question 22

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 22

add stimulus to increase behavior

Question 23

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 23

remove stimulus to increase behavior

Question 24

what is positive punishment

Answer 24

add stimulus to decrease behavior

Question 25

what is negative punishment

Answer 25

removes stimulus to decrease behavior

Question 26

what is extinction

Answer 26

withholding or removing and reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior "unlearning" must identify the reinforces for an unwanted behavior takes alot of time

Question 27

what are the 2 blood components

Answer 27

cellular liquid

Question 28

blood what is part of the cellular portion (3) and what do they do

Answer 28

RBC- carry oxygen WBC- fight disease platelets- coagulates and turns to a clot

Question 29

blood what is liquid portion of it

Answer 29

90% water 10% dissolved solids

Question 30

whole blood = ____

Answer 30

anticoagulated blood with both liquid and cellular portions of blood

Question 31

what is plasma

Answer 31

liquid portion of whole blood (blood with anticoagulated)

Question 32

how to get plasma

Answer 32

centrifuge anticoagulated whole blood then the plasma is removed and transferred

Question 33

what is serum

Answer 33

liquid portion of clotted blood (no anticoagulant)

Question 34

how to get serum

Answer 34

blood is collected into red top and sits to clot then centrifuged

Question 35

what are the 3 types of anticoagulants

Answer 35

EDTA- lavender top Heparin- chemistries green Citrate- blue top tube, commonly used for clotting studies

Question 36

what are the 2 types of clot tubes

Answer 36

red top- no anticoagulant, no serum Seperator serum Seperator tube- contain silicone gel which separates cells from serum during centrifuge

Question 37

what are the by products of urine

Answer 37

water- 95% dissolved substance's and formed elements- 5% dissolved parts is from waste product of metabolism

Question 38

why do we test urine

Answer 38

sediment ID chemical assessment filtration ability of kidneys- specific gravity

Question 39

what is CSF

Answer 39

cerebral spinal fluid which is a neuro test

Question 40

what are the functions of food

Answer 40

provide nutriments energy growth chemical substances needed maintain normal temp body repair immune system

Question 41

what are factors that affect energy req

Answer 41

activity level temperament age and health status environment temp pregnancy/nursing

Question 42

nutrition explain importance of water

Answer 42

primary nutrient for the body

Question 43

nutrition explain importance of fat

Answer 43

most concentrated source of energy (2 times more than carbs)

Question 44

deficiency in fat usually cause what

Answer 44

skin issues dry skin, dermatitis, impaired healing, decreased fertiltiy

Question 45

nutrition what is important of protein

Answer 45

protein makes up AA AA are like legos that are different sizes and colors that create many things Essential AA are AA that body doesn't produce and needs to be in diet structural components of the body used as energy source

Question 46

what are the essential AA needed for k9 and feline

Answer 46

k9- 10 essential AA feline- 11 essential AA

Question 47

nutrition what is important of carbs

Answer 47

simple- broken down quickly by body complex- molecular larger, complex chains, fiber

Question 48

what is difference between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins

Answer 48

water soluble- dissolve in water fat soluble- absorbed and stored in bodys fatty tissue in liver

Question 49

what are the 4 types of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 49

A D E K

Question 50

what are kibble/dry diets

Answer 50

7-12% moisture bake it down pro: more affordable

Question 51

what are semi-moist diets

Answer 51

25-30% moisture pro: palatable con: preservatives present, higher in soluble sugars and simple carbs

Question 52

what are canned diets

Answer 52

78-82% moisture pro: palatable, preservative free con: once open has to be stored properly, more expensive

Question 53

how is food labeled

Answer 53

listed in order by weight but can be manipulated by separating ingredients

Question 54

what is AAFCO

Answer 54

American association of feed control officials regulatory body that defies ingredients and develops uniform language doesn't enforce

Question 55

what is enteral

Answer 55

mouth feeding

Question 56

what is parental

Answer 56

admin food elsewhere in body

Question 57

what is IV nutrition

Answer 57

TPN

Question 58

what is Naso esophageal tube

Answer 58

through the nose into the stomach only can be used for 1 week

Question 59

what is esophagostomy tube

Answer 59

tube placed through esophagus into the stomach think of Theo the rotty

Question 60

what is PEG tube

Answer 60

percutaneous endoscopic gastric tube placed directly into stomach good for patients needing long term feeding