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Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson’s Stage Infancy

A

birth to 18 months; Trust vs. Mistrust; is my world safe? develop sense of trust when provided needs.

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2
Q

Erikson’s Stage Early Childhood

A

2 - 3; Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; Can I do things myself? develop sense of control.

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3
Q

Erikson’s Stage Preschool

A

3 - 5; Initiative vs. Guilt; Am I good or bad? asserting control and power of the environment.

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4
Q

Erikson’s Stage School Age

A

6 - 11; Industry vs. Inferiority; How can I be good? cope with new social and academic demands.

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5
Q

Erikson’s Stage Adolescence

A

12 - 18; Identity vs. Role confusion; Who am I and where am I going? develop sense of self and personal identity.

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6
Q

Erikson’s Stage Young Adult

A

19 - 40; Intimacy vs. Isolation; Am I loved and wanted? form intimate, loving relationships with other people.

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7
Q

Erikson’s Stage Middle Adulthood

A

40 - 65; Generatively vs. Stagnation; Will I provide something of real value? work and parenthood, usefulness or useless.

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8
Q

Erikson’s Stage Maturity

A

65 - death; Reflection on life; Have I lived a full life? look back on life and feel sense of fulfillment.

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9
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

looks at the mind’s structure, uses reported experiences, problem: not reliable

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10
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

evolved functions of thoughts and feelings, nose/smell, brain/thinks why, emotions memory, will power, habits

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11
Q

Darwin

A

survival/adaptation

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12
Q

What is Operational definition?

A

Important because it is how you define or measure hunger, anger, low self-esteem, etc.

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13
Q

What is informed consent?

A

providing participants information so they can make informed decisions about whether or not to participate.

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14
Q

What do Behaviorists believe?

A

psychology is the scientific study of observable behavior

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15
Q

What is Nature vs. Nurture

A

Nature: influence of biology genetics
Nurture: environmental interactions

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16
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

a testable prediction

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17
Q

What is a theory?

A

is an explanation that organizes observations and predicts behavior and stress.

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18
Q

What are quantitative research designs?

A

random samples, experimental groups, control groups, variables.

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19
Q

What are qualitative research designs?

A

case studies, phenomenology, narrative inquiry, naturalist observation, surveys.

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20
Q

Biological behavior

A

neuroscience (brain), genetics, influences

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21
Q

Social behavior

A

what we see, thoughts, sense of self and needs

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22
Q

Cell Body

A

big cell on the left of the neuron

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23
Q

What do the Dendrites do?

A

receive signals

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24
Q

What does the Terminal Branch do?

A

sends signals

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25
What is Action potential?
electrical signals that travel down the axon
26
What is Myelin Sheath?
fatty tissue that protects the axon
27
Neurotransmitter (NT)
chemical messenger
28
What does the agonist do?
increases NT's action
29
What does the antagonist do?
blocks or decreases the NT's action
30
What is reuptake?
reabsorption of NT by sending neuron
31
Medulla
heartbeat and breathing
32
Reticular Formation
arousal
33
Thalamus
sensory control center
34
Pons
coordination and sleep
35
What is Blindsight?
when a person is not visually aware of things, but they can grasp and navigate. Problem with perception but not action
36
What is Change Blindness?
occurs when a stimulus undergoes change without being noticed
37
What is inattentional blindness?
when one fails to notice a readily visible yet unexpected stimuli
38
How many sleep stages are there and how long does it take to go through?
4; cycled every 90 minutes
39
What is Sleep Stage NREM 1?
Hallucinations
40
What is Sleep Stage NREM 2?
(after 20 mins) easy to wake
41
What is Sleep Stage NREM 3?
Deep sleep (hard to wake)
42
What is Sleep Stage REM?
Rapid Eye Movement, similar to NREM 1, elevated heart rate
43
What is Insomnia?
problems falling asleep or staying asleep
44
What is Narcolepsy?
sudden and uncontrollable sleep
45
What is Sleep Apnea?
momentary lapses in breathing
46
Explain Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development.
outer layer: what I cant do. middle layer: what I can do with help inner layer: what I can do
47
Assimilation
is putting new ideas or concepts into understanding and practice while aligning them with older ideas and practice.
48
Accommodation
is changing older ideas and concepts into new and completely different concepts and ideas because of experiencing new information.
49
Describe Parenting Style; Authoritarian.
high control, power assertive
50
Describe Parenting Style; authoritative
some structure, willing to talk through with kids
51
Describe Parenting Style; Permissive
low on control more friends with kid
52
Describe Parenting Style; Rejecting/Neglect
uninvolved in life
53
Describe Attachment Style; Secure
healthy relationships, able to seek support
54
Describe Attachment Style; Ambivalent
distress when left, struggle to trust, reassurance
55
Describe Attachment Style; Avoidance
abuse, independent, minimize the feelings of others
56
Describe Attachment Style; Disorganized
feeling unworthy, tendency towards aggression
57
Two Attachment styles that will have trouble if together?
Ambivalent and Avoidance
58
Transduction
receive information, transform information (neural impulses) and deliver information (to the brain).
59
Sensation
our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
60
Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
61
Top-down processing
using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information.
62
Bottom-up processing
taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it.
63
Priming
What fits the pattern, what you read, hear.
64
What are Gottmans Four Horsemen
Criticism Contempt Defensivness Stonewalling
65
Electroencephalogram
test that measures electrical activity in the brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp
66
MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imagining)
Imaging test that produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human body, including the organs, bones, muscles and blood
67
fMRI Functional MRI
measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
68
PET Scan
the metabolic or biochemical function of your tissues and organs
69
CT Scan
a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X- rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body
70
Embodied Cognition
the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments
71
Rods
Black and white
72
Rods
Black and white
73
Cones
fine detail and color sensations
74
Binocular vision
images from two eyes simultaneously
75
Monocular vision
images from one eye only at a time
76
Feature Detectors
nerve cells that respond to specific features like shapes, angles, and movement
77
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
caused by damage to cochleas receptor cells
78
Conduction hearing loss
caused by damage to mechanical system
79
Cochlear Implant
converts sounds into electrical signals
80
Sex
Biologically influenced females and males
81
Gender
socially influenced men and women
82
gender role
societal expectations for appropriate female and male behavior
83
Gender Identity
How we perceive ourselves as either male or female
84
Transgender
gender identity is distinct from sexual orientation not the same

Psychology (7 decks)

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