Exam 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Are humans producers or consumers?
Consumers
Humans are consumers in the ecosystem because they rely on other organisms for food.
The lowest level of biological hierarchy that can perform all activities associated with life.
Cell
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
What are the two cell type classifications?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus.
What is taxonomy?
The science of classification
Taxonomy involves naming and categorizing organisms based on shared characteristics.
What does the branch of evolution study?
The diversity of life
Evolutionary biology focuses on how organisms change over time.
Element required for the thyroid gland to function properly.
Iodine
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the body.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable explanation
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experiments.
Components of the scientific method.
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion
The scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
Of the four biological molecules essential for living things, which one is not considered a polymer?
Lipids
Lipids are not considered polymers because they are made up of non-repeating monomers.
Four most common elements found in the human body.
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
These elements make up the majority of atoms in the human body.
If an atom has a positive charge, then what does this mean with respect to its number of protons and electrons?
More protons than electrons
An atom with a positive charge has lost electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.
What does the atomic number of an atom tell you about the atom?
Number of protons
The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of protons in its nucleus.
What is an ion?
An atom with a charge
Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in their number of _________.
Neutrons
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons.
Covalent bond
Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.
Chemical bond that involves a complete transfer of electrons.
Ionic bond
Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Type of bond that holds the atoms together to make a water molecule.
Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another.
Know general examples of molecules that belong to the four classes of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates (e.g., glucose), Lipids (e.g., fats), Proteins (e.g., enzymes), Nucleic Acids (e.g., DNA)
These molecules play essential roles in the structure and function of living organisms.
Approximate percent of water that makes up human body cells.
60-70%
Water is a major component of human cells, comprising approximately 60-70% of body weight.
Components required to make a solution.
Solvent and Solute
A solution is formed by combining a solvent (dissolving agent) and a solute (substance being dissolved).
Chemical bond found between adjacent water molecules.
Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another.
Understand the pH scale and what it measures. Understand what is meant when the pH of a substance changes by one number or multiple numbers.
Acidity or alkalinity of a substance on a scale of 0-14. A change of one number represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.
Storage form of carbohydrates in animals and plants.
Glycogen (animals), Starch (plants)
Glycogen and starch serve as storage forms of carbohydrates in animals and plants, respectively.
Know the name of the monomers that make up the polymers of protein, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
Proteins (Amino Acids), Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides), Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)
Monomers are the building blocks of polymers in biological molecules.
