Final! Exam 6

Question 1

By what method are hormones transported throughout the body?

Answer 1

through the bloodstream.

Question 2

What body activities do hormones regulate?

Answer 2

growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.

Question 3

Where are hormone receptors found?

Answer 3

in the plasma membrane and inside the cell (intracellular).

Question 4

What endocrine structures are bound in the brain?

Answer 4

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 5

What gland secretes FSH and what is its function?

Answer 5

pituitary gland - stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.

Question 6

What gland secretes ADH and what is its function?

Answer 6

The pituitary gland secretes ADH, which regulates water balance in the body.

Question 7

What gland secretes parathyroid hormone and what is its function?

Answer 7

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels.

Question 8

What gland secretes prolactin and what is its function?

Answer 8

The pituitary gland secretes prolactin, which stimulates milk production.

Question 9

What gland secretes insulin what are their functions?

Answer 9

The pancreas secretes insulin, which lowers blood sugar,

Question 10

What gland secretes epinephrine and what is its function?

Answer 10

The adrenal glands secrete epinephrine, which increases heart rate and energy availability.

Question 11

What gland secretes estrogen and what is its function?

Answer 11

The ovaries secrete estrogen, which regulates the female reproductive system.

Question 12

What hormone is antagonized by alcohol consumption?

Answer 12

Alcohol consumption antagonizes ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Question 13

What hormone affects the largest variety of cells?

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

What hormone is stimulated by eating spicy foods?

Answer 14

Capsaicin including adrenaline.

Question 15

What hormone requires iodine for its formation?

Answer 15

Thyroid hormones

Question 16

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 17

Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and heat intolerance.

Question 18

What are the characteristics and functions of the adrenal gland?

Answer 18

The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, regulating metabolism and stress response.

Question 19

What hormone can decrease immune function?

Answer 19

Cortisol

Question 20

What are the sex hormones?

Answer 20

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

Question 21

What are the different types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 21

Types include binary fission, budding, and fragmentation.

Question 22

What are the characteristics of hermaphrodites?

Answer 22

Hermaphrodites possess both male and female reproductive organs.

Question 23

What is the anatomical location of testes and why?

Answer 23

Scrotom to maintain a lower temperature for sperm production.

Question 24

Where does human fertilization in the female occur?

Answer 24

fallopian tubes.

Question 25

What are the characteristics of embryo implantation?

Answer 25

Embryo implantation involves the embedding of the blastocyst into the uterine lining.

Question 26

What is menstruation?

Answer 26

Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

Question 27

What is the ovarian cycle?

Answer 27

the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.

Question 28

What is HCG and what would happen if the embryo failed to secrete it?

Answer 28

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) maintains the corpus luteum; failure to secrete it can lead to miscarriage.

Question 29

What types of organisms cause STDs and which are not curable?

Answer 29

Bacterial (curable) and viral (not curable) organisms cause STDs.

Question 30

What is the acrosome and its purpose?

Answer 30

The acrosome is a cap-like structure on sperm that contains enzymes to penetrate the egg.

Question 31

What is the result of cleavage during development?

Answer 31

Cleavage results in the formation of a multicellular embryo.

Question 32

What structures form from mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm?

Answer 32

Mesoderm forms muscles and bones, endoderm forms internal organs, and ectoderm forms skin and nervous system.

Question 33

What contributions does the yolk sac contribute to the embryo?

Answer 33

The yolk sac provides nutrients and is involved in early blood cell formation.

Question 34

What is the function of the amnion?

Answer 34

The amnion protects the embryo

Question 35

When do human embryo's first blood cells derive?

Answer 35

The first blood cells are derived from the yolk sac.

Question 36

When does the human embryo implant into the uterus?

Answer 36

The embryo implants into the uterus about 6-10 days after fertilization.

Question 37

At what point during pregnancy can an ultrasound determine sex?

Answer 37

An ultrasound can typically determine sex around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 38

At what point during pregnancy is the heartbeat detectable?

Answer 38

The heartbeat is usually detectable around 6 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 39

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

Answer 39

Oxytocin

Question 40

What are the three stages of labor?

Answer 40

dilation, expulsion, and placental delivery.

Question 41

What are potential causes of infertility in males and females?

Answer 41

Causes include hormonal imbalances, structural issues, and lifestyle factors.

Question 42

When is the embryo now considered a fetus?

Answer 42

The embryo is considered a fetus after 8 weeks of gestation.

Question 43

Define vulva.

Answer 43

The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia.

Question 44

Define gestation.

Answer 44

Gestation is the period of development of the embryo or fetus in the womb.

Question 45

Define infertility.

Answer 45

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.

Question 46

Define ovulation.

Answer 46

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.

Question 47

What gland secretes glucagon and what the function?

Answer 47

Pancreas, which raises blood sugar.

Question 48

What is the function of chorion?

Answer 48

gas exchange

Question 49

What is the function of umbilical cord?

Answer 49

connects the embryo to the placenta

Question 50

Function of placenta?

Answer 50

Provide nutrients