Exam

Question 1

Name the plant structure that plants use to absorb water?

Answer 1

Roots

First footnote

Question 2

Equation that summarizes photosynthesis.

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → (C6H12O6 + 6O2)

Second footnote

Question 3

During the process of photosynthesis oxygen is released. What molecule serves as the source for the released oxygen?

Answer 3

Water

Third footnote

Question 4

Photosynthesis versus cellular respiration.

Answer 4

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP, using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Fourth footnote

Question 5

Do plants use both CO2 and O2?

Answer 5

Yes, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis to make food and O2 for cellular respiration to make ATP.

Fifth footnote

Question 6

What is the name of the cellular process used by plants to make their own organic compounds?

Answer 6

Photosynthesis

Sixth footnote

Question 7

Ultimate energy source for food production.

Answer 7

Sunlight

Seventh footnote

Question 8

Molecule that absorbs light energy during the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 8

Chlorophyll

Eighth footnote

Question 9

What is the role of CO2, H2O and solar energy in photosynthesis?

Answer 9

CO2 provides carbon atoms for glucose, H2O provides electrons and protons, and solar energy powers the conversion of these molecules into glucose and oxygen.

Ninth footnote

Question 10

Where in the plant are the photosynthetic cells more likely to be located?

Answer 10

Leaves

Tenth footnote

Question 11

What is the organelle of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Chloroplast

Eleventh footnote

Question 12

What structure is used by plants to perform gas exchange (i.e., exchange of CO2 and O2).

Answer 12

Stomata

Twelfth footnote

Question 13

The two stages of photosynthesis are light dependent and light independent stages. What is the source of energy that powers each stage?

Answer 13

Light-dependent stage is powered by sunlight; light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent stage.

Thirteenth footnote

Question 14

What is the main chlorophyll molecule? Specific name.

Answer 14

Chlorophyll a

Fourteenth footnote

Question 15

Electromagnetic spectrum that segment that powers photosynthesis.

Answer 15

Visible light

Fifteenth footnote

Question 16

Organelle that houses the chromosomes.

Answer 16

Nucleus

Sixteenth footnote

Question 17

What are chromatids?

Answer 17

Chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Seventeenth footnote

Question 18

What are centromeres?

Answer 18

Centromeres are the regions where sister chromatids are joined together.

Eighteenth footnote

Question 19

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Nineteenth footnote

Question 20

What events take place during the stages of the cell cycle? When do sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell? When do sister chromatids separate? When does cytokinesis begin?

Answer 20

During Metaphase, sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell. During Anaphase, sister chromatids separate. Cytokinesis begins during Telophase.

Twentieth footnote

Question 21

What is the correct sequence of phases for mitosis?

Answer 21

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Twenty-first footnote

Question 22

What is correct sex chromosome makeup for a human male and for a female?

Answer 22

Human male chromosome? XY; Human female chromosome? XX

Twenty-second footnote

Question 23

What is a karyotype and what is it capable of detecting?

Answer 23

A karyotype is an image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs. It can detect chromosomal abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes.

Twenty-third footnote

Question 24

What determines the gender of the offspring? Male or female or time of day, etc.

Answer 24

The gender of the offspring is determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the sperm (X or Y).

Twenty-fourth footnote

Question 25

Meiosis versus mitosis. (What events are common to both? What events are not common?)

Answer 25

Both involve chromosome duplication and separation. Meiosis includes two rounds of division and results in four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells ## Footnote Twenty-fifth footnote

Question 26

Cells that divide by meiosis. What are they called?

Answer 26

Gametes ## Footnote Twenty-sixth footnote

Question 27

Characteristics of homologous chromosomes.

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape, and genetic information. One inherited from each parent. ## Footnote Twenty-seventh footnote

Question 28

Sex chromosome combination for Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome.

Answer 28

Turner syndrome: X0; Klinefelter syndrome: XXY ## Footnote Twenty-eighth footnote

Question 29

What is a chiasma?

Answer 29

Chiasma is the point where chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over in meiosis. ## Footnote Twenty-ninth footnote

Question 30

Telophase

Answer 30

The final stage of cell division in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 31

Human male chromosome

Answer 31

XY; ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 32

Human female chromosome

Answer 32

XX ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 33

Karyotype

Answer 33

An image of an individual's chromosomes arranged in pairs, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 34

Sex determination in offspring

Answer 34

Determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the sperm (X or Y). ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 35

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Answer 35

Meiosis involves two rounds of division resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 36

Gametes

Answer 36

Sperm and egg cells. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 37

Chiasma

Answer 37

The point where two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 38

Zygote

Answer 38

A fertilized egg cell. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 39

Diploid

Answer 39

A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2N). ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 40

Haploid

Answer 40

A cell with one set of chromosomes (1N). ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 41

Histone

Answer 41

A protein that DNA wraps around to form chromatin. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 42

Polyploidy

Answer 42

A condition where a cell has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 43

1N

Answer 43

The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 44

2N

Answer 44

The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 45

Genetic variation

Answer 45

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 46

Autosome

Answer 46

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 47

Zygote:

Answer 47

Fertilized egg

Question 48

; Diploid:

Answer 48

Having two sets of chromosomes

Question 49

Haploid

Answer 49

having one set of chromosomes;

Question 50

Histone

Answer 50

protein that DNA wraps around

Question 51

Polyploidy

Answer 51

having more than two sets of chromosomes;

Question 52

1N:; 2N:;

Answer 52

haploid, diploid

Question 53

Genetic variation

Answer 53

differences in DNA sequences between individuals

Question 54

Autosome:

Answer 54

non-sex chromosome.