Exam 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Bacterial genomes are most often contained in
A single circular chromosome(plasmid)
Bacteria have developed numerous ways of exchanging and recombining genetic information between individual cells, including (3)
conjugation, transformation, and transduction
The ability to undergo conjugation and to transfer the bacterial chromosome from one cell to another is governed by
genetic information contained in the DNA of a “fertility,” or F, factor.
The F factor can exist ______ in the bacterial cytoplasm as a plasmid, or it can integrate into the ____ _____, where it _______, leading to genetic recombination.
autonomously; bacterial chromosome; it facilitates the transfer of the host chromosome to the recipient cell
Genetic recombination during conjugation provides
the basis for mapping bacterial genes.
Bacteriophages are: (Viral DNA is injected into the host cell, where it replicates and directs the reproduction of the bacteriophage and the lysis of the bacterium.)
viruses that have bacteria as their hosts.
Griffith Experiment
Injecting mice with IIR, IIS, heat-killed IIS and IIR+ heat- killed IIS
Avery, MacLeod, and MacCarthy Experiment
Used enzymes, DNAase, RNAase, and protease on a mixture of IIR and heat- killed IIS, and injected mice.
Concluded that DNA was the transforming principle, as the mixture of IIR+ heat killed IIS+ DNAase did not kill the injected mice.
Hershey and Chase Experiment
The E. coli bacteria’s virus, phage, which is made of protein and DNA. Labeled DNA with phosphorus, and protein with sulfur.
Why does RNA have to be removed?
RNA is much less stable in solution than DNA, it would lead to a loss on integrity for whole genome. It will just be used transiently for primers
DNA polymerase 1 function
5’ to 3’ AND 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity, fill in gaps, proofreads newly synthesized DNA, remove RNA primer, and replaces it with DNA,. elongates existing DNA strand
DNA polymerases disassociates from DNA
true
DnaA
binds to origin of replication and is responsible for the initial steps in unwinding the helix
single- stranded binding proteins(SSBPs)
are proteins that stabilize the open unwound helix conformation
DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the __ end of _______
3’ ________ RNA primer
The discontinuous aspect of replication of DNA in vivo is caused by
the 5′ to 3′ polarity restriction
What is the orders of primers that are produced?
1) The primers of the leading strand are produced
2) The primers of the lagging strand fragment that is closest to the Origin point.
3) the primers of the lagging strand fragment that is close to the replication fork.
ligase
an enzyme that works as a “glue” that binds 2 Okazaki fragments to each other
What makes up the protein component of a nucleosome core?
Two tetramers of histone proteins
What is the first order of chromatin packing?
Coiling around nucleosomes
The second order of chromatin packing occurs when
nucleosomes coil together to form a solenoid fiber that is 30 nm in diameter.
Which structures can be involved in recombination?
Chromatids of homologous chromosomes
branch migration
The process that determines the length of heteroduplex DNA on the chromatids.
Structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are called ________.
telomeres
