Exam 3

Question 1

karyokinesis

Answer 1

when genetic material is partitioned to daughter cells during nuclear division

Question 2

cytokinesis

Answer 2

division of cytoplasm

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

partitions chromosomes into dividing cells

Question 4

Datum

Answer 4

The result of each Trial is one Datum

Question 5

Classicist Model of Probability

Answer 5

Probability is assigned based on a thought experiment. A sample space is invoked and probabilities arise inevitably from the set of results in the sample space. A model generates probabilities.

Question 6

Frequentist Model of Probability

Answer 6

Probability is measured by experiment to discover nature of the uncertainty within a naturalistic uncertainty generator. Experimental data generates probabilities.

Question 7

Disjunction

Answer 7

The separation of daughter/homologous chromosomes by anaphase

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

Centromeres Separate, Spindle Microtubules
Begin Hauling Chromosomes Toward the Centrioles

Question 9

mutually exclusive: sum rule

Answer 9

the combined probability of two or more mutaully exclusive events occurring in THE SUM of their individual probabilites

Question 10

isogamy

Answer 10

same gamete forms in both sexes

Question 11

heterogamy

Answer 11

different gamete cell type in each sex

Question 12

centromeres seperate in:

Answer 12

mieosis 2

Question 13

homologs seperate in:

Answer 13

meiosis 1

Question 14

The product of mitosis:

Answer 14

4 1C (one complement) haploid (1N) daughter cells

Question 15

meiosis is required to form

Answer 15

every normal gamete

Question 16

meiosis:

Answer 16

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid

Question 17

diploid

Answer 17

2 sets of chromosomes, one maternal, one paternal, most cells in body.

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

1 set of chromosome (gamete)

Question 19

A __________ chromosome has its centromere located very close to, but not on, the end of the chromosome.

Answer 19

acrocentric

Question 20

the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Answer 20

centrosome

Answer 21

centromere

Question 22

Separation of sister chromatids occurs _______.

Answer 22

at anaphase in mitosis and anaphase II in meiosis

Question 23

Novel combinations of genes can arise from _______.

Answer 23

reciprocal exchange of DNA between homologs during prophase I

Question 24

homologous chromosomes

Answer 24

have similar bonding patterns, replicate synchronously during S phase do NOT contain identical genetic information, contains same type of genes but not same alleles.

Question 25

G0/G1 checkpoint

Answer 25

non- dividing cells, cells leave cell cycle, cells commit to initate DNA synthesis, if cell is stuck in G0, it is still metabolically active

Question 26

G1/S checkpoint

Answer 26

cell monitors size and state of DNA, is unsatisfactory cell will arrest until conditions are satisfactory.

Question 27

G2/M checkpoint

Answer 27

If DNA replication is incomplete, of and DNA is damaged cell will arrest at checkpoint until better. Prevents cell from going into mitosis

Question 28

M checkpoint

Answer 28

mitosis arrest unless spindle assembly is properly formed and attached to kinetochore, associated with centrosomes

Question 29

sister chromatids

Answer 29

2 identical DNA molecules, produced in S phase via DNA replication, connected by a centromere, separate in M phase

Question 30

DNA condensation

Answer 30

DNA condenses in prophase and remains condensed until after the sister chromatids separate and new daughter cells form. For interphase DNA needs to be not condensed

Question 31

chiasmata

Answer 31

point of chromosome exchange, crossing over

Question 32

bivalent

Answer 32

paired chromosome

Question 33

chromosome mechanisms in meiosis

Answer 33

DNA replicates, homologs separate in Meiosis 1, centrosomes separate in meiosis 2, gametes differentiate and prepare for fertilization

Question 34

gamete genotypes are produced by

Answer 34

mutually exclusive events

Question 35

The fusion of gamete represents a

Answer 35

statistically independent event

Question 36

Each different fusion pattern represent a

Answer 36

mutually exclusive statistical event