Exam 1

Question 1

what are the two major divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

central and peripheral

Question 2

Central Nervous System includes…

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

somatic and autonomic

Question 4

Somatic (PNS) includes…

Answer 4

sensory and motor ability

Question 5

What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their more commonly known names?

Answer 5

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Question 6

What are the 4 protections in place for the central nervous system?

Answer 6

1) bone
2) meninges
3) cerebrospinal fluid
4) blood brain barrier

Question 7

what is the longest pair of cranial nerves?

Answer 7

vagus nerve

Question 8

This is the most common type of neuron? Hint: it
contains many dendrites and one axon.

Answer 8

multipolar

Question 9

This is a primarily sensory neuron; it contains one axon and one dendrite.

Answer 9

bipolar

Question 10

This is a primarily sensory neuron related to
touch and temperature changes; it has one
branch that leaves the soma which divides into dendrites and the axon.

Answer 10

unipolar

Question 11

_____are the glial cells responsible for
myelin in the CNS; one cell provides many
segments.
____ are the glial cells responsible for
myelin in the PNS; one cell provides one
segment.

Answer 11

oligodendrocytes, schwann cells

Question 12

This neuron is responsible for integrating neural activity within a single brain structure but DOES NOT conduct independent signals.

Answer 12

interneuron

Question 13

What is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 13

-70mV

Question 14

What are the four essential ions involved in
maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Answer 14

Na+
K+
Cl-
A-

Question 15

____ is when charged particles move down
the concentration gradient.
____ is when similarly charged particles
repel and oppositely charged particles
attract.

Answer 15

diffusion, electrostatic pressure

Question 16

What is the selective permeability for each
of the following ions:
Na+
K+
Cl-
A-

Answer 16

Na+ = Difficulty Passing; Squeezes through
K+ = Open; Slow leak out
Cl- = Open; Equilibrium
A- = Locked; Don’t leave the neuron

Question 17

This energy-expending force is the final force maintaining the resting membrane potential. What is it and how does it work?

Answer 17

Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump
Pumps 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in

Question 18

What is the threshold of excitation?

Answer 18

-65 mV

Question 19

____ are responsible for postsynaptic
depolarizations.
____ are responsible for postsynaptic
hyperpolarizations.

Answer 19

EPSP’s, IPSP’s

Question 20

____ is the period after the initiation of an action potential during which it is impossible to elicit a second one.
____ is the period after the action potential during which a second one is possible but requires greater than normal stimulation.

Answer 20

absolute refractory, relative refractory

Question 21

This is the period of hyperpolarization
immediately after the action potential before
the resting membrane potential is restored.

Answer 21

Afterpolarization

Question 22

____ occurs at the nodes of ranvier; this
process makes axonal propagation more
efficient.

Answer 22

saltatory conduction

Question 23

This is the ”emetic center” of the brain; also responsible for controlling our vital functions.

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

This part of the brain is responsible for
sensorimotor control and the coordination of
movement.

Answer 24

cerebellum

Question 25

This part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of motivated behaviors.

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

This part of the brain is responsible for mediating the pain relieving effects of opioids.

Answer 26

Periaqueductal Gray

Question 27

This part of the brain houses the inferior and superior colliculi, which are responsible for auditory and visual functions.

Answer 27

tectum

Question 28

This is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Answer 28

GABA

Question 29

This is the most prominent excitatory neurotransmitter.

Answer 29

glutamate

Question 30

This is the primary neurotransmitter found at the neuromuscular junction.

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine? Dopamine Serotonin Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Answer 31

Serotonin – Indolamine

Question 32

These unconventional neurotransmitters are released from the dendrites to affect the presynaptic neuron.

Answer 32

Endocannabinoids