Exam 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Receptor cells for the visual system, also known as photoreceptors.
rods and cones
This is the area of the brain in which the contralateral portion of visual pathway “crosses over.”
optic chasm
In the duplexity theory of vision,
____ is mediated by the rods and
responsible for “night vision”
____ is mediated by the cones and
responsible for color vision
scotopic vision, photopic vision
When discussing seeing color,
The ____ hypothesis suggests color is
created by the ratio of activity in three types of cones.
The ____ hypothesis suggests colors are perceived in paired opposites.
trichromatic, opponent process
Rhodopsin is the pigment in rods that responds to light. When light hits the rod, does it cause it to release glutamate or block the release of glutamate?
block the release
The ____ are the receptor cells of the
auditory system and work on ____ energy.
hair cells, mechanical
The _____ are the three tiny bones in the ear that concentrate and amplify vibrations onto the oval window.
Ossicles
(Incus, malleus, stapes)
The ______ are crucial for balance, planning movement, and smoothly directing sensory organs toward specific locations
Semicircular Canals
Is the auditory pathway primarily ipsilateral or contralateral?
Contralateral
The change in energy concentration when going from the air in the middle ear to fluid in the inner ear is called _______.
Impedance Mismatching
The receptor cells in the gustatory systems are ____ and in the olfactory system are ____.
Tastants, Olfactory Receptor Neurons
The chemical senses work together in
concert to produce _______.
Flavor
Is the gustatory pathway primarily ipsilateral or contralateral?
Primarily Ipsilateral
The olfactory system pathway is unique in that it can bypass the thalamus and go directly to which part of the brain?
Amygdala
People with _______ are also known as
“supertasters” and are particularly sensitive to and repulsed by bitter flavors as well as having a high acuity to small differences in flavor.
Hypergeusia
The primary somatosensory cortex is also known as what?
Somatosensory Homunculus
The _____ represents the strip of skin
innervated by a particular spinal segment.
Dermatome
Pain receptors are known as _______.
Nociceptors
These receptors in the skin are the largest and deepest receptors and carry information about vibration and pressure.
Pacinian Corpuscles
The area of the brain most commonly
associated with pain is ______, but this is likely due to the emotional reactions to pain, not the pain itself.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
_______ is all of the motor neurons
innervating the fibers of a single muscle.
Motor Pool
The _______ is a single motor neuron plus the muscle fibers it innervates.
Motor Unit
Muscles exist in opposing, antagonistic
groups.
____, which bend a joint
____, which straighten a joint
flexors, extensors
____ is our sense of the orientation of our body in space.
Proprioception
