Exam 1

Question 1

Pallor

Answer 1

Lack of color (Raynaud disease phenomenon)

Question 2

Jaundice

Answer 2

Yellowish color

Question 3

Erythema

Answer 3

Redness - excess blood supply in capillaries close to the surface of the skin

Question 4

Itching skin

Answer 4

Pruritus

Question 5

Cyanosis

Answer 5

Blueish color (decrease of oxygenated blood)

Question 6

Vitiligo

Answer 6

Objective data. Decreased in pigmentation, acquired condition. Absence of melanin

Question 7

Acanthosis Nigricans

Answer 7

Increased pigmentation. Brown to black poorly defined hyperpigmentation of the skin. For peds: precursor sign of diebetes, sign of tumor, or cancer in abdomen

Question 8

Hypothermia

Answer 8

Generalized coolness

Question 9

Hyperthermia

Answer 9

Increase metabolic rate causing warmth.

Question 10

Diaphoresis

Answer 10

Excess sweat

Question 11

Dryness

Answer 11

Dehydrated lips and cracked mucous membrane

Question 12

Edema

Answer 12

Abnormal accumulation of fluid

Question 13

Macule

Answer 13

A circumscribe, flat, non-palpable change in skin color. Up to 1 cm. ex: freckles

Question 14

Patch

Answer 14

A Macule greater than 1 cm. ex: Mongolian spot

Question 15

Papule

Answer 15

Palpable solid mass caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. No fluid. Up to 0.5 cm

Question 16

Plaque

Answer 16

Flat elevated surface larger than 0.5 cm

Question 17

Nodule

Answer 17

Deeper into dermis. A solid, elevated, firm/soft mass less than 2cm. Ex: fibroma

Question 18

Tumor

Answer 18

Firmer/soft mass larger than 2cm. Ex: lipoma, and hemangioma

Question 19

Wheal

Answer 19

A superficial raised erythomatous, transient lesion with somewhat irregular borders due to localized edema

Question 20

Urticaria

Answer 20

Hives- intensive itching bumps, raised and pale red

Question 21

Vesicles

Answer 21

A circumscribed superficial, elevated cavity that contains free fluid. Clear fluid flows if wall gets rupture. Up to 1 cm in size.

Question 22

Bullae

Answer 22

Larger vesicle. Superficial in epidermis. Thin wall so ruptures easily. Larger than 1cm

Question 23

Cyst

Answer 23

Encapsulated fluid or pus-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer. Larger than 1 cm

Question 24

Pustules

Answer 24

Small elevation of the skin containing cloudy, or purulent material.

Question 25

Ringing in the ears and balance issues

Answer 25

Ménière's disease

Question 26

Analysis of a symptom

Answer 26

Location, character or quality, quantity or severity, timing, setting, aggravating or relieving factors, associated factors, clients perception of the symptom

Question 27

HPI - critical characteristics of a symptom

Answer 27

``` P: provocative or palliative Q: quality or quantity R: region or radiation S: severity scale T: timing U: understand patient's perception ```

Question 28

Components of the physical exam

Answer 28

Inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

Question 29

What are the 4 types of data collection when doing history and physical exam?

Answer 29

Comprehensive data base, episodic, follow up and emergency data base

Question 30

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 30

Drop in systolic pressure of more than 20 mm Hg and or pulse increase of 20 bpm or more

Question 31

Fontanels

Answer 31

"Soft spots" membranous spaces between frontal and parietal and parietal and occipital bones observed in infants. Anterior -> closes by 12-18 months of age Posterior -> closes by six weeks to 2 months of age

Question 32

CN IX and X

Answer 32

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

Question 33

CN XI

Answer 33

Accessory (spinal accessory)

Question 34

CN XII

Answer 34

Hypoglossal

Question 35

Otosclerosis

Answer 35

An abnormal spongy bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss

Question 36

Presbycusis

Answer 36

Age-related hearing loss