exam 1 4600

Question 1

biomechanics

Answer 1

the application of principles of mechanics to the study of living organisms

Question 2

mechanics

Answer 2

analysis of the motion of an object and the forces acting upon the object

Question 3

kinematics

Answer 3

study of spatial and temporal characteristics of human movement; study or description of the spatial and temporal characteristics of motion w/o regard to the causative forces

Question 4

kinetics

Answer 4

study of forces in human movement; study of forces that inhibit, cause, facilitate, or modify motion of a body

Question 5

neuromuscular

Answer 5

study of muscular activity in human movement

Question 6

tissue mechanics

Answer 6

study of bone, muscle, tendon, and other biomaterials

Question 7

significant figures

Answer 7

digits that indicate the accuracy of a measurement; in biomechanics it is most common to use 3 significant figures

Question 8

1D

Answer 8

one-dimensional movement in one direction (e.g. forward movement of a runner during a 100 meter race

Question 9

2D

Answer 9

two-dimensional movement including components in 2 directions (e.g. movement of a basketball during a shot)

Question 10

angular

Answer 10

movement that includes rotation (e.g. a biceps curl, a baseball bat swing)

Question 11

position (r)

Answer 11

location in space

Question 12

displacement

Answer 12

change in position; units = meters (m)

Question 13

velocity (v)

Answer 13

rate of change of position; units = m/s

Question 14

acceleration (a)

Answer 14

rate of change of velocity; units = m/s 2

Question 15

projectile

Answer 15

a body whose motion is subject only to the forces of gravity and fluid resistance; almost every sport involves the projection of an object, whether the object is thrown, kicked or struck with an implement; projectiles are subject to the influence of gravity and fluid resistance and can exhibit linear, rotary, or general motion

Question 16

kinetic chain

Answer 16

a system of linked rigid bodies subject to force application

Question 17

relative projection height

Answer 17

difference between the height of projectile release (projection height), and the height of projectile impact (impact height)

Question 18

stride

Answer 18

one complete cycle from an event (e.g. right foot touch-down) to the next time that event occurs

Question 19

step

Answer 19

a half a stride (e.g. from right foot touch-down to left foot touch-down)

Question 20

stance phase

Answer 20

time when a limb is in contact with the ground

Question 21

swing phase

Answer 21

time when a limb is NOT in contact with the ground

Question 22

aerial phase

Answer 22

time when no feet are on the ground

Question 23

double support

Answer 23

time when 2 limbs are in contact with the ground

Question 24

inverted pendulum model

Answer 24

motion of the lower extremity can be modeled as an inverted pendulum during the stance phase of gait; walking

Question 25

spring model

Answer 25

motion of the lower extremity can be modeled as a spring during the stance phase of running; ankle is primary power producer; knee is primary power absorber

Question 26

linear motion

Answer 26

all parts have same linear displacement

Question 27

angular motion

Answer 27

all parts do NOT have same displacement

Question 28

planar motion

Answer 28

combination of linear motion (translation) and angular motion (rotation)

Question 29

joint angles

Answer 29

angle between two body segments connected at a skeletal joint measures angular positioning of two body segments; ankle: foot-shank, knee: shank-thigh, hip: thigh-trunk

Question 30

segment angles

Answer 30

measured relative to a fixed axis (e.g. horizontal)

Question 31

electromyography (EMG)

Answer 31

measures electrical activity of muscles and indicates when the muscle is on and off

Question 32

law of inertia

Answer 32

an object will remain in a state of rest or move in a straight line with constant velocity, if there are no forces acting on the object

Question 33

inertia

Answer 33

the difficulty with which an object's velocity can be altered; mass of an object is a quantitative measure of inertia

Question 34

moment of inertia

Answer 34

mathematical relationship of mass (m), mass distribution (r 2 ), and rotational inertia