Exam 1

Question 1

Definition of Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure

Question 2

Subdivisions of Anatomy

Answer 2

1. Macroscopic
2. Microscopic
3. Develpomental

Question 3

Definition of Physiology

Answer 3

The study of the function

Question 4

Essential tools for the study of physiology

Answer 4

1. Ability to focus at many levels.
2. Basic physical principles
3. Basic chemical principles

Question 5

Function always reflects ________

Answer 5

structure

Question 6

Structural Hierarchy

Answer 6

1. Chemical (atoms->molecule)
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organismal

Question 7

Necessary Life Functions

Answer 7

1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth

Question 8

Survival Needs

Answer 8

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Normal body temperature
5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 9

Maintenance of a relatively stable environment despite continuous outside changes

A dynamic state of equilibrium

Answer 9

Homeostasis

Question 10

Homeostasis control mechanisms

Answer 10

• Monitoring and regulation

- Nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormaones

Question 11

Monitors the environment and responds to stimuli

Answer 11

Receptor

Question 12

Determines the set point at which a variable is maintained

Receives input from the receptor

Determines the appropriate response

Answer 12

Control Center

Question 13

Receives output from control center

Provides the means to respond

Response acts to reduce or enhance the stimulus (feedback)

Answer 13

Effector

Question 14

Head, neck, and trunk

Answer 14

Axial

Question 15

Limbs

Answer 15

Appendicular

Question 16

Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study

Answer 16

Plane

Question 17

A cut along a flat surface called a plane

Answer 17

Section

Question 18

divides the body vertically into right and left parts

Answer 18

Sagittal

Question 19

Plane that lies on the midline

Answer 19

Midsagittal

Question 20

Plane not on the midline

Answer 20

Parasagital

Question 21

Divided the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 21

Frontal

Question 22

Divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts, produces a cross section

Answer 22

Transverse

Question 23

Cuts made diagonally

Answer 23

Oblique

Question 24

This cavity protects the nervous system

Answer 24

Dorsal cavity

Question 25

The dorsal cavity has two subdivisions, what are they and what do they encase?

Answer 25

1. Cranial cavity- encases the brain | 2. Vertebral cavity- encases spinal cord

Question 26

This cavity houses internal organs (viscera)

Answer 26

Ventral cavity

Question 27

The ventral cavity has two subdivisions separated by what?

Answer 27

Diaphragm

Question 28

What are the three parts of the thoracic cavity and what do they do?

Answer 28

1. Two pleural cavities- house each lung 2. Mediastinum- contains pericardial cavity-surrounds thoracic organs 3. Pericadial- encloses the heart

Question 29

What is the abdominopelvic cavity composed of and what do they contain?

Answer 29

1. Abdominal cavity- contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver 2. Pelvic cavity- contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum

Question 30

A thin double-layered membrane separated by a space containing serous fluid (watery)

Answer 30

Serous membrane

Question 31

Lines the internal body walls

Answer 31

Parietal serosa

Question 32

Covers internal organs

Answer 32

Visceral serosa

Question 33

Both parietal and visceral serosa secretes fluid and they allow organs to do what?

Answer 33

slide across each other or other cavity walls without friction

Question 34

Lines the pericardial cavity

Answer 34

Parietal pericardium

Question 35

covers the heart within the pericardial cavity

Answer 35

Visceral pericardium

Question 36

Lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 36

Parietal pericardium

Question 37

covers the most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 37

Visceral peritoneum

Question 38

The structures along the center line of the body

Answer 38

axial

Question 39

the structure that is toward or at the body surface

Answer 39

superficial

Question 40

contained within the skull and vertebral column

Answer 40

Cranial cavity

Question 41

houses female reproductive organs

Answer 41

pelvic cavity

Question 42

the most protective body cavity

Answer 42

Cranial cavity

Question 43

its name means "belly"

Answer 43

abdominal cavity

Question 44

contains the heart

Answer 44

Thoracic cavity

Question 45

contains the small intestine

Answer 45

abdominal cavity

Question 46

bounded by the ribs

Answer 46

thoracic cavity

Question 47

its walls are muscular

Answer 47

abdominal cavity