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Communications 1500 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A
  • the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through human symbolic interaction
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2
Q

Communication competence

A
  • the ability to take part in effective communication by
    1) skills
    2) understanding (why)
    3) connection (speaker and audience)
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3
Q

Communication and our technological society

A

1) social media
2) social networks
3) communication and career development
4) communication and ethical behavior
5) communication and our multicultural diversity

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4
Q

Principles of Communication

A

1) communication is a process
2) communication is a system
3) communication is transactional (2 ways)
4) communication can be intentional or unintentional

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5
Q

**Essential Components of Communications

A

1) source/sender (encoding)
2) message
3) interference/noise
4) channel
5) receiver (decoding)
6) feedback
7) environment
8) context

(Harcombe ex wink ends up being taken as eyedrops?)

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6
Q

Types of Communication

A

1) Intrapersonal Communication
- understanding info within ones self (thinking)
2) Interpersonal Communication
a. Dyadic communication - btw 2 people (interview)
b. Small group
3) Public Communication
4) Mass Communication
5) communication via social media

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7
Q

7 Distinguishing factors from social media to face to face communication

A

1) interactivity
- the ability to communicate between groups and individuals through a comm tool
2) temporal structure
- the time it takes to receive and send messages
3) social cues
- verbal and nonverbal features of a message
4) replicability
- easy to record or redistribute past messages
5) storage
- face to face interactions are gone after
6) reach
- social media allows contact with people much further
7) mobility
- face to face is as mobile as walking

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8
Q

Misconceptions about communication

A

1) communication is a cure-all
2) quantity means quality
3) meaning is in the words we use
4) we have a natural ability to communicate
5) communication is reversible

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9
Q

Public speaking

A
  • the art of oral communication with an audience
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10
Q

5 Techniques for finding a topic to public speak about

A

1) self-inventory
- lists of subjects u find interesting
2) brainstorm
3) reviewing the current media
4) engage listeners with social media
5) surf the web

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11
Q

*informative speech

A
  • enhances the audiences knowledge and understanding by explaining what something is, how it works and why. Inform not biased.
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12
Q

*Persuasive Speech

A
  • attempt to change the listeners belief attitude or behavior. Must present evidence and arguments. Difference between this and informative speeches is the action of audience as a result.
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13
Q
  • entertainment speech
A
  • provide enjoyment and amusement
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14
Q

*general purpose or overall goal of speeches

A

1) to inform
2) to persuade
3) to entertain

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15
Q

Specific purpose of a speech

A
  • a single phrase that defines precisely what you intend to accomplish in your speech
  • an EFFECTIVE sp identifies
    1) the general purpose of the speech
    2) the audience
    3) the exact topic to be covered
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16
Q

Thesis

A
  • says exactly what is going to be discussed during the speech
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17
Q

*Audience analysis

A
  • the collection and interpretation of data about characteristics, attitudes, values, and beliefs of an audience
  • understanding the listeners point of view
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18
Q

*captive versus voluntary participants

A

1) Captive
- people who are required to hear the speech
2) voluntary
- want to hear the speech because of a particular interest or need

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19
Q

Demographic Analysis

A
  • the collection of basic information to help the speaker relate to the audience
  • age, gender, cultural or ethnic background, education, occupation, religion, geographical origins,group membership
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20
Q

Psychological Analysis

A
  • collection of data on an audience members values, attitudes and beliefs
  • size of audience, physical setting, knowledge level, attitudes and values related to the topic, attitudes related to the situation
21
Q

Ways to learn about the audience

A

1) observation
2) questionnaires
3) survey interview
- Q&A session before the speech

22
Q

*Research: Gathering information

A

1) The Internet
- make sure reliable and credible
-it needs:
an author, publishing body, currency and a purpose

23
Q

Using research to support and clarify ideas

A

1) testimony
- opinions or conclusions of a witness
2) examples
- simple representative incident that clarifies a point
3) definitions
- clarification of a term
4) Statistics
- numerical data that interpret circumstances

24
Q

Cite sources

A

1) orally (author, date, source)
2) in the text of the outline
3) in the APA bibliography

25
Q

Organizing speech

A
  • arranging the speech into its parts into a systematic and meaningful whole
  • 3 parts: intro, body and conclusion
26
Q

Main points

A
  • are the principal subdivisions of a speech

- are broad statements that help organize your main particulars found through research

27
Q

Presenting the main points

A

1) be precise
2) use vivid language
3) show relevance
4) creative parallel structure

28
Q

Time sequence or chronological pattern

A
  • presentation begins at a particular point in time and continues either forward or backwards
29
Q

Spatial pattern

A
  • content of a speech is organized according to relationships in space
30
Q

Topical pattern

A
  • the main topic is divided into a series of subtopics
31
Q

Mind mapping

A
  • an organizational strategy in which you visually map out how various ideas connect
32
Q

Narrative or storytelling

A
  • using a report of ideas and situations, as in a story but without the traditional story components
33
Q

Connect the main points with

A

1) transitions
- link ideas
2) sign posts
- indicate direction of the speech to audience
3) internal previews
- gives advance warnings of points going to be covered
4) internal summaries or reviews
- short review statement at the end of main point

34
Q

Introductions

A

1) orient/gain attention
2) thesis
3) motivate the audience to listen/establish credibility
4) relate to the audience
5) forecast main points/preview

35
Q

Credibility

A
  • the audiences perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a topic and has the best interests of the audience at mind
36
Q

Conclusion

A

1) show that you are finishing your speech
2) restate thesis
3) review main points
4) end with a memorable thought

37
Q

3 Principles in Outlining the speech

A

1) Subcoordination
- clearly identifies the hierarchy of ideas
2) Coordination
- suggests that the ideas with the same level of importance use the same kinds of numbers and symbols to visually indicate the relationship between the ideas
3) Parallelism
- style in which all ideas, main points, sub points and so on use similar grammatical forms and language patterns

38
Q

Types of outlines

A

1) preliminary outline
- list of all the points that may be used in the speech
2) full-sentence outline
- expands on the ideas you have decided to include in you speech written in full sentences
3) presentational outline
- concise, condensed outline with notations, usually a combination of full sentences and key words or phrases

39
Q

Speech anxiety

A
  • a multi-system response that creates a combination of biochemical changes in the body in a communication situation
40
Q

Communication apprehension

A
  • the most severe form of speech anxiety, an anxiety syndrome associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons
41
Q

*Systematic desensitization

A
  • is a relaxation technique designed to reduce the tenseness associated with anxiety
  • goal is to help develop a new, relaxed response to anxiety provoking event
42
Q

**4 Most common methods of delivery

A

1) Impromptu delivery
- little or no formal planning, thinking on feet
2) manuscript delivery
- reading a speech word for word, every word must be stated precisely (state of the union)
3) memorized delivery
- requires one to memorize an entire speech, for short presentations, lacks flexibility, can forget what you wanted to say and can be mechanical sounding
4) extemporaneous delivery
- speaker uses carefully prepared and researched speech, delivered using format notes allowing for flexibility, more conversational between memorized manuscript and impromptu

43
Q

Vocal quality

A
  • overall impression a speakers voice makes on his or her listeners
44
Q

Intelligibility

A
  • vocal volume, distinctiveness of sound, clarity of pronunciation, articulation and stress placed on delivery
45
Q

Vocal variety

A
  • variations in rate, force and pitch
46
Q

Physical aspects

A

1) personal appearance
- dress and look appropriate
2) body movement
3) gestures
- help illustrate points
4) eye contact
- MOST IMPORTANT

47
Q

Presentational Aids

A
  • helps with delivery
  • makes speech easy to understand and memorable
  • enhance speaks credibility
  • creates audience attention and interest
  • provides support
48
Q

Types of presentational aids

A

1) computer generated images
2) video and digitized video clips
3) real objects
4) models
- line graph shows a trend over time
5) photographs, drawings and diagrams

Communications 1500 (3 decks)

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