exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
- Assessment: monitor health status to identify community health problems, diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards
- Public policy: how you change health behaviors, develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
- Assurance: assure that services are there to meet needs, link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
core functions of PH
1821-1912; founded Red Cross in America. She thought with the Red Cross they could help in times of need
clara barton
Public health nursing, founded PHN in American
a. Created Henry Street Settlement and identified you had to be in the community to identify what was needed
lilian wald
advocate for prision, created 1st mental health hospital, identified individuals couldn’t be sent to insane asylum for any/all reasons
dorothea dix
federal health care advocate
mary brekinridge
- Adolescent hleaht
- Blood disorders
- Dementias
- Early/middle childhood
- Genomics
top 5 healthy people 202
- Client or unit of care is the population
- Primary obligation is to achieve the greatest good for greatest number of people
- PH nurses collaborate with the client as an equal partner
- Primary prevention is priority is selection appropriate activity
- PH nursing focuses on strategies that create health environmental, social and economic conditions in which populations thrive
- PH nurse is obligated to actively identify and reach out to all who might benefit from specific activity/service
- Optimal use of available services/creation of new evidence based strategies is necessary to assure the best overall improvement in the health populations
- Collaboration with other professions, populations, organizations and stakeholder groups is most effective way to promote and protect health of the people
8 principles of ph nursing
- Entry level practice
- Management and supervisory experience: specialists, mid-level practitioners
- Senior managers and leaders, work with multisystem
3 tiers of ph nursing
- 17 interventions, actions taken on behalf of individuals, families, communities, and systems to protect/improve health status
- Darker color: entry level nurse
- Lighter color: higher up PHN’s
ph interventions wheel of interventions
- Mary Breckinridge: founded frontier nursing, went into Appellation Mountains to help deliver and do prenatal/family care
- Department of homeland security: developed in 21st century after 9/11
a. Goal: constantly increase public health knowledge
ph achievements in 20th century
: availability of resources to meet daily needs; what must be there/around to determine a person’s health
social determinants of health
educational and job opportunities, living wages, healthier foods, social norms, attitudes like discrimination, exposure to crime, violence and social disorder like presence of trash
examples of social determinants
physical things of the environment
physical determinants of health
natural environment (plants, climate change), built environment (buildings/transportations, schools, neighborhoods), exposure to toxic substances/physical hazards, physical barriers
physical determinants examples
strategies initiated before illness or injury is present, like immunizations, education on healthy choices
primary prevention
strategies set in place at early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury
secondary prevention
strategies set in place at the palliation and end stage o disease and injury trajectories (Maintain QOL in CHF)
tertiary prevention
a. Extrinsic (external) factors to reinforce behavioral change
b. Intrinsic (internal) factors develop to maintain the behavioral change
i. Example: Weight Watchers
Learning model - Skinner
a. Health behavior depends on:
i. Severity of potential illness
ii. Level of conceivable susceptibility
iii. Benefits of taking preventive action
iv. Barriers to taking action
b. Cues are used to create behavior change
c. “Got milk?”
Health Belief Model - hochbaum and Rosenstock
a. Five-stage process:
i. Precontemplation
ii. Contemplation
iii. Preparation
iv. Action
v. Maintenance
b. Recognizing the individual/communities current stage is critical to plan interventions
c. Use for alcoholics to try and change their behavior – they can move between stages
trans theoretical model - prochaska and diclemente
a. A behavior change model that considers environmental influences, personal factors, and behavior as key components of change
b. Self-efficacy – a person must believe in his capability to perform the behavior as well as perceive an incentive to do so
c. Used in exercise and weight loss research
social learning theory - bandura
- Setting an agenda: realizing something needs to be changed – brainstorming
- Policy formation: what possible policy what look like
- Policy adaption: process of selecting the policy that should gain support
- Policy implementation: actual policy is carried out by using available human/financial resources
- Policy assessment: evaluation of the implanted policy – does it really serve the purpose/goal
- Policy modification: policy can be maintained, changed or eliminated
policy making process
- Nurses recommend and set agenda for change
- Make change by assessment of a community, collect and analyze data, identify strength and weakness
- Plan – establish outcomes with measurable goals of based of determinants of health
nurses role in policy
state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirminty
world health prganization
