pharm exam 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
• Adverse effects: undesired potentially harmful effect resulting from a medication; secondary to the therapeutic effects of the drug
negative or unexpected effects of medications
Where can you find information about medications?
• FDA, drug guide, drug labels, pharmacy, packaging, reference books, journals
What information can be found on a drug label? In a drug book?
Dose, route, expiration date, name, DOB, side effects, dosing instructions, mechanism of action, uses
teaching for OTC
following dose instructions, when to talk to your doctor, ask DR before taking
Need to ask what other drugs they are taking, including supplements (being cautious of interactions) taking OTC drugs w/ prescription drugs can result in drug interactions & interfere w/ drug therapy; not taking these drugs as directed can result in a serious drug overdose; taking these drugs could mask the s/s of underlying disease making dx difficult
why it’s important to assess OTC
body recognizes foreign protein (antigen) & begins producing antibodies to react with it ex: Hepatitis A
active immunity
occurs when preformed antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen ex: Hepatitis B, Rabies, Tetanus, Varicella-Zoster
inactive (passive) immunity
Pre-clinical phase: chemicals tested on laboratory animals
Phase I: Chemicals treated on human volunteers without preexisting conditions
Phase II: drugs tested on informed patients with the condition
Phase III: drug is used vastly in the clinical market (go to the Dr. this might be one of the drugs they treat you with)
phase of clinical trials
Regulates clinical trials as well as development and sales of drugs, safety of drugs no drug is completely safe during pregnancy
What is the role of FDA in pharmaceuticals and what does the FDA do?
• Drug Enforced Agency: falls under the FDA, enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States
role of DEA
• Herbal medications of alternative therapies are not controlled or tested by the FDA; advertising permitted does not include direct claim to: cure, treat, diagnose or prevent a specific disease; drug alternative therapy interactions may occur so it is important to tell your Dr. what you are taking; can include non-drug therapies: imagery, relaxation, acupuncture, massage etc.
important teaching on herbal medications and dietary supplements
most common type of worm found in school aged children in US
Pin Worms
• Handwashing, clean toilets daily, change bedding daily, shower in AM, keep nails short, med: pin-rid, pyrantel*
interventions for prevention and spread of worms
most common intestinal parasitic infection in US
Giardiasis: protozoal intestinal infection caused by microscopic parasite s/s: watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, nausea associated with poor sanitation and unsafe water
• Disturbed body image r/t dx and treatment; Acute pain r/t GI symptoms; Knowledge deficit r/t drug therapy
important nursing diagnoses for parasitic and helminithic infections
are chemicals that are produced by companies involved solely in the manufacturing of drugs (not brand or trade name)
generic drugs
drugs that have been discovered but are not financially viable and therefore have not been adopted by any drug companies; often abandoned after pre-clinical trials or phase 1 studies
orphan drugs
are products that are available without prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed
OTC drugs
: included herb & other “natural” products as often found in ancient records; these products are not controlled or tested by the FDA & are considered to be dietary supplements
alternative therarpy
uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the drug was approved by the FDA; off-label uses may lead to new indications for a drug
off label uses
single-celled organisms that pass through several stages in their life cycle, including at least one phase as a human parasite; found in areas of poor sanitation & hygiene as well as crowded living conditions.
protozoa
protozoal infection w/ Plasmodium, characterized by cyclic fever & chills as the parasite is released from ruptured red blood cells; causes serious liver, CNS, heart & lung damage *the only known transmission is through the bite of a female (Anopheles) mosquito
malaria
Aralen, Halfan, Plaquenil, Lariam, primaquine, Daraprim & quinine (both treat & prevent) *quinine: risk for cardiac toxicity *drugs w/ pyrimethamine (Daraprim) increase risk of bone marrow suppression
treatment of malaria
liver disease, alcoholism, lactation, caution: retinal disease of damage & psoriasis
contraindications of malaria and drugs
