Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 221 Lab > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

equal to the power of the ocular lens multiplied by the power of the objective lens used
Ex. if the ocular lens magnifies 10x and the objective lens being used magnifies 45x what is total mag?

A

Total magnification

450x (10 X 45)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(resolving power) the ability to discriminate two close objects as separate

A

resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

A

epithelial tissues or epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the epithelial functions?

A

protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

consists of one layer of cells attached to the basement membrane

A

simple epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

consist of two or more layers of cells

A

stratified epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epithelia are classified into three categories

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

scalelike

A

squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a simple columnar epithelium (one layer of cells), but because its cells vary in height and the nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane, it gives false appearance of being stratified. this epithelium is often ciliated

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peculiar stratified squamous epithelium formed of rounded o plump cells with the ability to slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched

A

Transitional epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei

A

simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of simple cuboidal

A

secretion and absorption (diffusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei(nucleus towards bottom); layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

A

simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of simple columnar

A

absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus( or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lines most digestive tract

A

simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucus-secreting goblet cells and bear cilia

A

pseudostratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of pseudostratified columnar

A

secretes substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thick membrane composed of several cell layers; surface cells are flattened

A

stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is function of stratified squamous

A

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

generally two layers of cublike cells

A

stratified cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is function of stratified cuboidal

A

protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

several cell layers; superficial cells elongated and columnar

A

stratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of stratified columnar
protection; secretion (rare in body)
26
resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch; function- stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained uring
transitional
27
what are four main types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood
28
loose connective tissues are
areolar, adipose, and reticular
29
dense connective tissues are
dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic
30
loose and dense fall under
connective tissue proper
31
loose conn tissues -wraps and cushions organs, its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays impt role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid; widely distributed; packages organs, forms lamina propia of mucous membranes; surrounds capillaries
Areolar
32
loos conn tissues- have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
adipose
33
provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs; located under skin,around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts
adipose
34
loose connective tissue- fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types, including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages; located in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen)
reticular
35
- attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attaches bone to bone; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
dense regular connective tissue
36
located in tendons most ligaments, aponeuroses
dense regular connective tissue
37
type of dense conn tiss containing a high proportion of elastic fibers; allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
elastic
38
located in walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes
elastic
39
type of dense conn tissue- ale to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength and located in fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
dense irregular connective tissue
40
type of conn tiss under cartilage- supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress
hyaline (under cartilage)
41
forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx
hyaline (under cartilage)
42
maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility; supports the external ear (auricle); epiglottis
elastic( under cartilage)
43
tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock; located in intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
fibrocartilage
44
type of connec tiss- supports and protects (by enclosing) provides layers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoieosis
bones (osseous tissue)
45
type of conn tiss- transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other substances; contained within blood vessels
blood
46
neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands); supporting cells support and protect neurons; located in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
nervous tissue
47
what are the muscle tissue types?
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
48
voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control; located in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin
skeletal muscle
49
As it contracts, that muscle propels blood into the circulation; involuntary; branching, striated; located in the walls of the heart
cardiac muscle
50
no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets; propels substances (foodstuffs, urine) or a baby along internal passageways; involuntary control; located mostly in walls of hollow organs
smooth muscle
51
the bottom of the microscope; provides a sturdy flat surface to support and steady the microscope
base
52
located in the base; the light from the lamp passes directly upward through the microscope
substage light
53
located on the base or arm; this dial allows you to adjust the intensity of the light passing through the specimen
light control knob
54
the platform that the slide rests on while being viewed; the stage has a hole in it to allow light to pass through the stage and through the specimen
stage
55
holds the slide in position for viewing and has two adjustable knobs that control the precise movement of the slide
mechanical stage
56
small nonmagnifying lens located beneath the stage that concentrates the light on the specimen; the condenser may have a knob that raises and lowers the condenser to vary the light delivery; generally, the best position is close to the inferior surface of the stage
condenser
57
a shutter within the condenser that can be controlled by a lever to adjust the amount of light passing through the condenser; the lever can be moved to close the diaphragm and improve contrast; if your field of view is too dark; you can open the diaphragm to let in more light
iris diaphragm lever
58
this knob allows you to make large adjustments to the height of the stage to initially focus your specimen
course adjustment knob
59
this knob is used for precise focusing once the initial coarse focusing has been completed
fine adjustment knob
60
attaches to the nosepiece to support the objective lens system; it also provides for attachment of the eyepieces which house the ocular lenses
head
61
vertical portion of the microscope that connects the base and the head
arm
62
rotating mechanism connected to the head; generally, it carries three or four objective lenses and permits positioning of these lenses over the hole in the stage
nosepiece
63
these lenses are attached to the nosepiece; usually a compound microscope has four objective lenses ( look in book for this)
objective lenses
64
binocular microscopes will have two lenses located in the eyepieces at the superior end of the head; most ocular lenses have a magnification power of 10x; some microscopes will have a pointer and/or reticle (micrometer) which can be positioned by rotating the ocular lens
ocular lens(es)
65
where is transitional epithelium found
urinary bladder and ureter
66
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found
kidneys- and ducts to many glands
67
where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?
trachea, respiratory system
68
where is stratified squamous found?
epidermis of skin, the part you touch

Bio 221 Lab (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions