Exam 1 Brainstem and Cerebellum

Question 1

Brainstem Ventral surface features

Answer 1

~Pyramids
~Pyramidal decussation
~Olivary eminence (olive)
~Median fissure
~Cerebellar peduncles
~Basilar sulcus
~Transverse fibers of pons
~Cerebral peduncles
~Interpeduncular fossa
~Mammillary bodies & Infundibulum part of diencephalon
~cranial nerves

Question 2

Pyramids

Answer 2

~from the medulla, we see medially and caudally

~separated by the median fissure and pyramidal decussation

Question 3

Olivary eminence

Answer 3

~just lateral to the pyramids

Question 4

Cerebellar peduncle

Answer 4

~large middle cerebellar peduncle

~inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 5

Basilar sulcus

Answer 5

seen on the ventral surface of the pons along the midline

Question 6

Transverse fibers of pons

Answer 6

radiating laterally on the ventral surface

Question 7

Cerebral peduncles

Answer 7

in midbrain, we see the bilateral cerebral peduncles separated by the cavity

Question 8

Interpeduncular fossa

Answer 8

the cavity the separates the cerebral peduncles

Question 9

Mammillary bodies and infundibulum are part of

Answer 9

diencephalon (hypothalamus)

Question 10

Which cranial nerves enters on the ventral surface of medulla?

Answer 10

CN XII, XI, X, IX

Question 11

Which cranial nerves enters on the ventral surface of pontomedullary junction?

Answer 11

CN VIII, VII, VI

Question 12

Which cranial nerves enters on the ventral surface of pons?

Answer 12

CN V

Question 13

Which cranial nerves enters on the ventral surface of Midbrain?

Answer 13

CN III and IV

Question 14

Which cranial nerves enters the cerebrum?

Answer 14

CN I

Question 15

Which cranial nerves enter the diencephalon (thalamus)?

Answer 15

CN II

Question 16

CN I-

Answer 16

olfactory

Question 17

CN II-

Answer 17

optic

Question 18

CN III-

Answer 18

oculomotor

Question 19

CN IV-

Answer 19

trochlear

Question 20

CN V-

Answer 20

trigeminal

Question 21

CN VI-

Answer 21

Abducen

Question 22

CN VII-

Answer 22

facial

Question 23

CN VIII-

Answer 23

vestibulocochlear (auditory, vestibular)

Question 24

CN IX-

Answer 24

glosspharyngeal

Question 25

CN X-

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

CN XI-

Answer 26

spinal accessory

Question 27

CN XII-

Answer 27

hypoglossal

Question 28

Dorsal surface of the Brainstem- features

Answer 28

``` ~Gracile & cuneate tubercles ~Cerebellar peduncles ~Rhomboid fossa (4th ventricle) & obex ~CN IV ~Corpora Quadrigemina (Superior & Inferior Colliculi) ```

Question 29

Corpora Quadrigemina

Answer 29

~four paired bodies of the bilateral inferior colliculi and the paired superior colliculi

Question 30

Internal features of the Medulla

Answer 30

~the CN nuclei is more dorsal with the motor nuclei more medial and the sensory nuclei more lateral ~along the ventral area we have the inferior olivary nucleus more ventromedial ~pyramidal tracts is more ventromedial (there are other motor tracts more dorsal medial) ~sensory tracts intermediate both lateral and medial ~reticular formation- the areas of intermediate medulla that is not a nucleus or tract ~inferior cerebellar peduncle dorsolaterally which is composed mostly of axons form the spinal cord and medulla entering the cerebellum ~4th ventricle on the dorsal surface between the medulla and cerebellum

Question 31

Internal features of Pons

Answer 31

~CN are more dorsally CN nuclei with motor nuclei more medially and the sensory more laterally and pontine nuclei more ventral dispersed ~Descending motor tracts tend to be more medial and more ventral ~Ascending sensory tracts more dorsolateral ~middle cerebellar peduncle is most laterally ~reticular formation is dorsal and medial ~4th ventricle is boarded by the reticular formation

Question 32

Internal features of the midbrain (how many parts)

Answer 32

~tectum ~tegmentum ~cerebral peduncle

Question 33

Internal features of the Tectum

Answer 33

~composed of the corpora quadrigemina (bilateral inferior collicul and paired superior colliculi)

Question 34

Internal features of the tegmentum

Answer 34

~has a motor nuclei which is medial both dorsal and ventral ~only a single sensory nucleus, which is more lateral ~contains reticular formation dorsal laterally ~Cerebral aqueduct is centrally positioned and is surrounded by nuclear area (periaqueductal gray)

Question 35

Internal features of cerebral peduncles

Answer 35

~sometimes called crus cerebri | ~is a prominent motor pathway from the cerebrum to brainstem and spinal cord

Question 36

The cerebellum is located ____ to the brainstem and 4th ventricle

Answer 36

dorsal

Question 37

The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem via

Answer 37

3 sets of paired cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle, and inferior)

Question 38

what are the two major regions of the cerebellum?

Answer 38

~the single midline vermis | ~the more lateral bilateral cerebellar hemispheres

Question 39

what are the three major functional regions of the cerebellum?

Answer 39

~archicerebellum or vesitulocerebellum ~paleocerebellum or spinocerebellum ~neocerebellum or pontocerebellum

Question 40

archicerebellum or vesitulocerebellum of cerebellum

Answer 40

~located on the inferior surface of the vermis in what is called the Flocculonodular lobe ~this lobe is composed of the Flocculus of paravermal area and the nodule of vermis

Question 41

paleocerebellum or spinocerebellum of cerebellum

Answer 41

~located in the remaining vermis and paravermis area

Question 42

neocerebellum or pontocerebellum of cerebellum

Answer 42

~located in lateral cerebellar hemisphere | ~receives its inputs primarily rom the cerebral cortex via the pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibers

Question 43

The primary input and output of the archicerebellum or vesitulocerebellum are with

Answer 43

the vestibular system of the brainstem

Question 44

The primary input to the paleocerebellum or spinocerebellum come from

Answer 44

the spinal cord