Exam 1 - Ch. 25 - Applied and Environmental Biology

Question 1

What is food microbiology?

Answer 1

Use of microorganisms in food production.

Prevention of food spoilage and food related illnesses.

Question 2

What is any desirable change that occurs to a food or beverage as a result of microbial growth?

Answer 2

fermentation

Question 3

What is used in commercial food and beverage production - composed of known microorganisms that consistently perform specific fermentations?

Answer 3

Started cultures

Question 4

What are adverse changes to a food due to the action of microorganisms?

Answer 4

spoilage

Question 5

What is the official state microbe of Wisconsin?

Answer 5

lactococcus lactis

Question 6

What are some symptoms of a food borne illness?

Answer 6

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, fatigue, and muscle cramps

Question 7

What are two categories of food poisoning?

Answer 7

Food infection

Food intoxication

Question 8

What causes a food infection?

Answer 8

Consumption of living microorganisms.

Question 9

What causes food intoxication?

Answer 9

Consumption of microbial toxins, NOT the microbe.

Question 10

What is the top places (3) food borne illnesses come from?

Answer 10

Food service industry - #1
Unknown - #2
Home preparation - #3

Question 11

What causes 60% (majority) of food borne illnesses?

Answer 11

norovirus

Question 12

Which two organisms grow at refrigerator temperature?

Answer 12

Yersinia enterocolitica

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 13

What is the second most common cause of food born illness in the US?

Answer 13

Salmonella spp.

Question 14

What is the 3rd most common cause of food borne illness in the US?

Answer 14

Shigella spp.

Question 15

Which organism produces a neurotoxin?

Answer 15

clostridium botulinum

Question 16

Which organism produces a enterotoxin?

Answer 16

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Question 17

Which agent is the most common cause of diarrhea of all food borne agents?

Answer 17

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 18

Which organism produces a potent toxin that is not destroyed by cooking?

Answer 18

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

Which organism is a parasitic protozoan?

Answer 19

toxoplasma gondii

Question 20

Which organism causes primary septicemia (bacteria in the blood)

Answer 20

Vibrio vulnificus

Question 21

Which organism causes generalized diarrhea and severe cramping that mimics appendicitis?

Answer 21

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 22

Which organism is common in soils and water, contamination from these sources occurs easily?

Answer 22

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 23

What are the affected food products for staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 23

Cooked high-protein foods

Question 24

What is the affected food product for vibrio vulnificus?

Answer 24

Raw and undercooked seafood

Question 25

Which two organisms can be found in water (untreated)?

Answer 25

``` shigella Campylobacter jejune (untreated H2O) ```

Question 26

Which organisms can be found in raw and undercooked eggs?

Answer 26

salmonella

Question 27

Which organism is most commonly found in home prepared foods?

Answer 27

Clostridium botulinum

Question 28

What are the three types of water pollution?

Answer 28

Physical Chemical biological

Question 29

Water pollution via presence of particulate matter?

Answer 29

physical

Question 30

Water pollution via presence of inorganic and organic compounds?

Answer 30

chemical

Question 31

Water that has too many or non-native microorganisms?

Answer 31

Biological water pollution.

Question 32

Are waterborne diseases common in the US?

Answer 32

No, they are rare

Question 33

Vibrio cholerae, disease?

Answer 33

cholera

Question 34

Campylobacter jejuni, disease?

Answer 34

Acute gastroenteritis

Question 35

Salmonella, disease?

Answer 35

Salmonellosis, typhoid fever

Question 36

Shigella, disease?

Answer 36

shigellosis (bacterial dysentery)

Question 37

Escherichia coli, disease?

Answer 37

Acute gastroenteritis

Question 38

Hepatitis A virus, disease?

Answer 38

Infectious hepatitis

Question 39

Norovirus, disease?

Answer 39

Acute gastroenteritis

Question 40

Poliovirus, disease?

Answer 40

poliomyelitis

Question 41

Giardia intestinalis, disease?

Answer 41

giardiasis

Question 42

Schistosoma, disease?

Answer 42

amebic dysentery

Question 43

Gonyaulax (saxitoxin), disease?

Answer 43

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 44

Gambierdiscus (ciguatoxin)

Answer 44

Fish poisoning

Question 45

Which type of water is considered safe to drink?

Answer 45

Potable water

Question 46

What indicates fecal contamination in water?

Answer 46

Presence of coliforms

Question 47

What are the four stages of treating drinking water?

Answer 47

Coagulation and flocculation Sedimentation Filtration disinfection

Question 48

Is potable water devoid of microorganisms and chemicals?

Answer 48

No, levels are low enough not to be a health concern.

Question 49

Alum is used during which stage of water treatment?

Answer 49

Stage 1 - coagulation and flocculation

Question 50

What are the three methods of filtration of drinking water?

Answer 50

Sand filtration Activated charcoal Membrane filtration

Question 51

What are the three ways to disinfect water?

Answer 51

Chlorine Ozone UV light

Question 52

Waste water treatment produces two things: water which must be ____ or ___ before released into the environment. And sludge which must be ____ or ____

Answer 52

Chlorinated or filtrated | Anaerobically digested or dried for landfill

Question 53

What is "remediate"?

Answer 53

To solve a problem

Question 54

What is the use of biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or ground water?

Answer 54

bioremediate

Question 55

Use of microbes or their toxins to terrorize human populations.

Answer 55

bioterrorism

Question 56

Use of microbes to terrorize human populations by destroying the food supply.

Answer 56

agroterrorism

Question 57

What are the four criteria for assessing biological threats to humans?

Answer 57

Public health impact Delivery potential Public perception Public health preparedness

Question 58

Ability of hospitals and clinics to handle the casualties refers to?

Answer 58

Public health impact

Question 59

How easily an agent can be introduced into the population is?

Answer 59

Delivery potential

Question 60

Effect of public fear on ability to control an outbreak is called?

Answer 60

Public perception

Question 61

Existing response measures refer to?

Answer 61

Public health preparedness

Question 62

What is a category A threat?

Answer 62

Highest priority

Question 63

What are the 6 top category A threats?

Answer 63

``` Smallpox Anthrax Plague Botulism tularemia Viral hemorrhagic fevers ```

Question 64

What causes smallpox?

Answer 64

Variola major (orthopoxvirus)

Question 65

What causes anthrax?

Answer 65

Bacillus anthracis (bacterium)

Question 66

What causes plague?

Answer 66

Yersinia pestis (bacterium)

Question 67

What causes botulism?

Answer 67

Clostridium botulinum toxin (bacterial)

Question 68

What causes tularemia?

Answer 68

francisella tularensis (bacterium)

Question 69

What causes a viral hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 69

filoviruses and arenaviruses

Question 70

Which category A threat is found in soil?

Answer 70

Anthrax and botulism

Question 71

Which category A threat is unknown origin?

Answer 71

filoviruses and arenaviruses

Question 72

Which category A virus is in small rodents?

Answer 72

plague

Question 73

Which category A threat does not have a natural source?

Answer 73

smallpox

Question 74

Which category A threat has a natural source in wild animals?

Answer 74

tularemia

Question 75

BSL - handling pathogens that do not cause disease in humans

Answer 75

BSL - 1

Question 76

BSL - handling of moderately hazardous agents

Answer 76

BSL - 2

Question 77

BSL - handling of microbes in safety cabinets, may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after inhalation.

Answer 77

BSL - 3

Question 78

BSL - handling of microbes that cause sever or fatal disease.

Answer 78

BSL - 4

Question 79

Recombinant technology could be used to create AND thwart Bioterrorism threats? T/F

Answer 79

True