Exam 1 - Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the 4 processes of life?

Answer 1

Growth
reproduction
Responsiveness
metabolism

Question 2

Features of Prokaryotes: (6)

Answer 2

NO nucleus
No internal membrane-bound organelles
Circular DNA
Smaller
Simple structure
Composed of bacteria and archaea

Question 3

Features of Eukaryotes:

Answer 3

*Have Nucleus*
Have internal membrane-bound organelles
*linear DNA*
Larger
Complex structure
Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, and plants.

Question 4

What is gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of bacterial cells?

Answer 4

glycocalyces

Question 5

What are glycocalyces composed of?

Answer 5

polysaccharide, polypeptides or both

Question 6

What two types of glycocalyces are there?

Answer 6

Capsule or slime layer

Question 7

Which type of glycocalyces is firmly attached to the cell surface?

Answer 7

capsule

Question 8

Which type of glycocalyces is loosely attached to the bacterial cell surface?

Answer 8

Slime layer

Question 9

Why is a capsule good for the bacteria?

Answer 9

May prevent bacteria from being recognized by host.

Question 10

Why is a slime layer good for bacteria?

Answer 10

Sticky later allows Prokaryotes to attach to surfaces.

Question 11

What does a bacterial cell wall do?

Answer 11

Provide structure and shape and protect cell from osmotic forces.

Question 12

What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?

Answer 12

peptidoglycan

Question 13

What are the most common types of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 13

Gram (+) and Gram (-)

Question 14

What other thing does a bacterial cell wall do?

Answer 14

Give bacterial cells characteristic shapes.

Question 15

Gram (+) bacterial cell walls appear what color upon staining?

Answer 15

purple

Question 16

Gram (+) bacterial cell walls have a relatively ______ layer of peptidoglycan.

Answer 16

thick

Question 17

Gram (+) contain unique polyalcohols called what?

Answer 17

teichoic acids

Question 18

Gram (-) bacterial cell walls have a ______ layer of peptidoglycan.

Answer 18

thin

Question 19

What may be an impediment to the treatment of disease in Gram (-) bacteria?

Answer 19

The LPS (lipopolysaccharide) on the outside of the bilayer membrane.

Question 20

What does a Gram (-) contain outside of the peptidoglycan?

Answer 20

Bilayer membrane containing phospholipids, proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 21

Gram (-) appear what color following staining?

Answer 21

Red/magenta

Question 22

What are the passive processes for crossing the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial cells?

Answer 22

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 23

What are the active processes for crossing the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial cells?

Answer 23

Active transport

Group translocation

Question 24

What is group translocation?

Answer 24

Substance chemically modified during transport.

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

Movement of H2O across a semipermeable membrane (but not the salutes).

Question 26

What will an isotonic solution do to a cell WITHOUT a cell wall?

Answer 26

Stay the same

Question 27

What will a hypersonic solution do to a cell without a cell wall? Ex: animal cell

Answer 27

Shrink the cell

Question 28

What will a hypotonic solution do to a cell without a cell wall? Ex: animal cells

Answer 28

Expand and possibly explode

Question 29

Does a cell with a cell wall burst with a hypotonic solution?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

What are inclusions in the cytoplasm of bacteria?

Answer 30

Nutrients stored when in abundance to be used when nutrients are scarce. May include deposits of chemicals. "like a pantry"

Question 31

Unique structures produced by some bacteria that are a defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions.

Answer 31

Endospores

Question 32

Endospores are only produced by organisms _________ and _______.

Answer 32

Genus Bacillus and clostridium

Question 33

Prokaryotes ribosomes are ___.

Answer 33

70S

Question 34

Prokaryotes ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits.

Answer 34

30S and 50S

Question 35

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane passive processes (3)

Answer 35

Diffusion Facilitated diffusion osmosis

Question 36

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic active processes. (s)

Answer 36

Active transport endocytosis exocytosis

Question 37

Physical manipulation of cytoplasmic membrane around to take in stuff.

Answer 37

Endocytosis

Question 38

The cell forms what during endocytosis?

Answer 38

pseudopodia

Question 39

What are the two types of endocytosis?

Answer 39

phagocytosis | pinocytosis

Question 40

Solids imported into cell.

Answer 40

Phagocytosis

Question 41

Liquid imported into the cell.

Answer 41

Pinocytosis

Question 42

Substances are exported from the cell.

Answer 42

Exocytosis

Question 43

Ribosomes of Eukaryotes are ____.

Answer 43

80S

Question 44

Ribosomes of Eukaryotes are composed of 2 subunits.

Answer 44

60S and 40S

Question 45

Ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have ___ ribosomes.

Answer 45

70S

Question 46

Which ribosomes are larger? Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

Answer 46

Eukaryotes