Exam 1 - CH 3

Question 1

primary function for speech production

Answer 1

respiration

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

provides subglottic air pressure need to set vocal folds into vibration

Question 3

production of voiced phonemes through vocal fold vibration in larynx

Answer 3

phonation

Question 4

normal phonation

Answer 4

complete adduction of vocal folds
sufficient subglottic air pressure

Question 5

Flaccid dysarthria, spastic dysarthria, neuromotor damage to laryngeal muscles

Answer 5

phonation

Question 6

resonance

Answer 6

proper placement of oral or nasal tonality onto phonemes during speech by raising or lowering velum

Question 7

produced when velum is raised and closes off nasal cavity from vocal air stream

Answer 7

oral resonance

Question 8

produced when velum is lowered and oral cavity is blocked by lips or tongue

Answer 8

nasal resonance

Question 9

damage to innervating velar muscles may cause

Answer 9

hypernasality to some degree

Question 10

Neuromotor damage to nerves that innervate the vocal fold adductor muscles can have several effects on speech production

Answer 10

Flaccid dysarthria, spastic dysarthria, neuromotor damage to laryngeal muscles

Question 11

Nerve damage > weak muscles to move air in/out of lungs > less air for speech production >

Answer 11

short phrases
reduced loudness
breathy voice

Question 12

articulation

Answer 12

shaping of vocal air stream into phonemes that is accomplished by different structures within vocal tract

Question 13

Neuromotor damage to articulators may affect

Answer 13

lips, tongue, jaw, velum, etc.

Question 14

neuromotor damage affecting articulators results in

Answer 14

articulation errors

Question 15

prosody

Answer 15

melody of speech using intonation and stress to convey meaning

Question 16

Neuromotor damage can affect prosody

Answer 16

Monopitch and monoloudness
Involuntary movements can result in irregular pitch variations, loudness, and prolonged intervals

Question 17

UMN

Answer 17

flaccid

Question 18

LMN

Answer 18

spastic

Question 19

ataxic

Answer 19

damage to cerebellum

Question 20

hypokinetic

Answer 20

reduction of dopamine to part of the basal ganglia

Question 21

hyperkinetic

Answer 21

damage to basal ganglia

Question 22

components of eval

Answer 22

medical chart review
case hx/interview
formal/informal ax
counseling

Question 23

non speech tasks

Answer 23

observe isolated muscles
ROM, strength, coordination

Question 24

testing face and jaw muscles

Answer 24

CN V & CN VII

Question 25

testing tongue

Answer 25

CN XII

Question 26

testing velum and pharynx

Answer 26

CN X

Question 27

testing larynx

Answer 27

layrnx cannot be observed directly instrumentation required

Question 28

phonation/respiratory tasks

Answer 28

i e s/z ratio

Question 29

resonation tasks

Answer 29

u u w/ pinched nose

Question 30

screening for myasthenia gravis

Answer 30

count from 1 - 100

Question 31

nonverbal oral apraxia

Answer 31

disruption in sequencing of oral movements that are nonverbal

Question 32

testing for apraxia of speech

Answer 32

Sequencing difficulty, pauses, distortions in speech tasks

Question 33

other important observations

Answer 33

mental status gait/equillibrium comorbidities sensation reflexes

Question 34

two methods to evaluate motor speech disorders

Answer 34

instrumentation perceptual analysis

Question 35

Examine six processes that are the foundation for all voluntary movements

Answer 35

muscle strength ROM speed of movement accuracy of movement motor steadiness muscle tone

Question 36

relies on sophisticated devices to objectively measure components of speech production

Answer 36

instrumentation

Question 37

relies on clinician’s ears (and eyes) to judge

Answer 37

perceptual analysis

Question 38

speech production components

Answer 38

prosody respiration phonation resonance articulation