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Motor Speech Disorders > Exam 1 - Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Review Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

dysarthria

A

impaired production of speech due to disturbances in muscular control

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2
Q

apraxia

A

deficit in the ability to smoothly sequence the speech producing movements

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3
Q

aphasia

A

affects someone’s ability to understand or express language

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4
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves
autonomic
somatic

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6
Q

lateral fissure

A

supra marginal gyrus
Heschel’s gyrus is within

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7
Q

central sulcus

A

extends from top of hemisphere down to lateral sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobes

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8
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor
primary motor strip

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9
Q

post central gyrus

A

sensory

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10
Q

third frontal convolution

A

Broca’s

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11
Q

afferent nerves

A

Arrive
SENSORY

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12
Q

efferent nerves

A

Exit
MOTOR

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

dorsal to brainstem
coordinates movement

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14
Q

subdivisions of brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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15
Q

contains cranial nerve nuclei

A

brainstem

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16
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

medulla

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17
Q

cortical lobes

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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18
Q

frontal lobe

A

MOTOR cortex

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19
Q

parietal

A

SENSORY cortex

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20
Q

occipital

A

VISUAL cortex

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21
Q

temporal

A

primary AUDITORY cortex

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22
Q

structure associated with parkinson’s and huntington’s

A

basal ganglia

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23
Q

tracts

Study These Flashcards
A

bundles of axons found in the CNS

24
Q

nerves

Study These Flashcards
A

bundles of axons found in the PNS

25
motor unit
single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
26
myelin
covers axons lipid protein membrane
27
2 major neurotransmitters important for movement
acetylcholine dopamine
28
neurotransmitter important for basal ganglia
dopamine
29
neurotransmitter important for neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine
30
disease associated with neurotransmitter malfunction at the neuromuscular junction
myasthenia gravis
31
disease associated with damaged myelin
multiple sclerosis
32
UMN =
CNS
33
LMN =
PNS
34
major symptoms of UMN damage
flaccid dysarthria
35
major symptoms of LMN damage
spastic dysarthria
36
neuromuscular junction
point where axons of LMN make synaptic connections with muscle cells
37
pyramidal system
direct activation conscious voluntary movements
38
exta-pyramidal system
INdirect activation unconscious postural support
39
12 CNs
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal
40
sensory nerve for vision
CN 2
41
motor nerves for eyes
CN 3, 4, 6
42
bilateral UMN & LMN damage (jaw)
jaw hangs open
43
unilateral jaw damage
jaw moves to side of damage
44
cranial nerve VII (facial) damage (lips)
lips protrude to side of weakness
45
unilateral LMN damage (tongue)
tongue moves to side of damage
46
unilateral CN X damage (palate)
only healthy side raises
47
damage to CN X laryngeal branches produces
breathiness reduced intensity poor glottal closure reduced frequency variation possible stridor palatal dysfunction
48
TWO goals of evaluation
understand the patient's problem determine beginning level of treatment
49
speech subsystems tested
respiration phonation resonance articulation prosody
50
non speech tasks
can observe isolated muscle groups strength, ROM, coordination
51
test V & VIII
face lips jaw
52
test XII
tongue lips
53
test X
velum elevation /a/ pharyngeal gag reflex Plosive and/or fricative precision (e.g., do /t/ and /p/ become /n/ and /m/)
54
standardized tests for dysarthria
frenchay dysarthria Ax-2 Ax of intelligibility of dysarthric speech speech intelligibility test for windows
55
standardized test for apraxia
apraxia battery for adults 2nd edition
56
intelligibility
Extent to which an acoustic signal can be recovered by a listener
57
comprehensability
Extent to which a listener understands a speaker in a communicative context

Motor Speech Disorders (14 decks)

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