[Exam 1] Chapter 31: Assessment and Management of Patients with Hypertension (Page 884-899) Flashcards
(38 cards)
Hypertension defined by
a systolic pressure greater than 140 of diastolic pressure of 90 or higher
What is Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
What is Stage 1 Hypetension
140-159 / 90-99
What is Stage 2 Hypertension
> 160 - > 100
95% of patients with high blood pressure have
primary hypertension, which is high blood pressure from an unidentified cause
Remaining 5% of patients with high blood presure have
secondary hypertension, which occursw when a cuase for the high blood pressure can be identified.
This includes chronic kidney didsease, renal artery stenosis, hyperaldosteronism
When signs eventually appear , they usually indicate
vascular damage with specific manifestations related to the organs served by the involves vessels
What happens to the left ventricle in response to the extra work?
Hyperthrophy occurs.
Lab studies include
Urinalysis
Blood Chemistry (Na, K, Creatinine, Fastining Glucose, and Cholesterol) and 12 lead electocardiogram
Renal damage may be suggsted by
elevations in BUN and Creatinine levels
Research findings demonstrate that what can be done to reduce blood pressure?
Weight loss, reduced alcohol and sodium intake, and regular physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption
What diets help prevent hypertension?
Fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products can prevent the devellopment of hypertension
Pharmacologic Therapy: What should a Stage I Africn American take?
Calcium Channel Blocker or Thiazide Diuretic
Pharmacologic Therapy: What should a stage I non african american take?
ACE Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Pharmacologic Therapy: If blood pressure is not lowered, what happens to the medications
Doseage is increase gradually
Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with
increased risk of death, stroke, and heart failure
Assessment: Complete history is obtained to assess for
other cariovascular risk factors and for signs and symptoms that indicate target organ damage
Assessment: Maifestations of target organ damage may include
angina, shortness of breath, alterations in speech, vision, nosebleedsd, headaches, dizziness, or nocturia
Potential Complications?
LEft Ventricular Hypertrophy Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure TIA Cerebrovacular Disease
Major goals for the patient include
understanding of the disease process and its treatment
Participation in a self-care program
Absence of complications
Increasing Knowledge: Diet Program usually consists of
restricting sodium and fat intake, increase intake of fruits and vegetables, and implementing regular activity
MEdication Therapy options include
Diuretics, Beta-Blockers, Vasovilators, ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, and Calcium Channel Blockers
Usually initial medication treatment is
thiazide diuretic
Why might Rebound Hypertension occur?
Can occur if hantihypertensive medications are suddently stooped.
