[Exam 4] Chapter 65: Assessent of Neurologic Function (Page 1946-1962)

Question 1

Function of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

To control all motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral activites

Question 2

What does the CNS include?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

Answer 3

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

Autonomic (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems) and Somatic Systems

Question 4

What is the basic functional unit in the nervous system?

Answer 4

Neurons

Question 5

What are neurons composed of?

Answer 5

Dendrites, cell body, and axon.

Question 6

What do Myelin Sheaths do?

Answer 6

That nerve impulses transfer quickly and do not get off of their path

Question 7

What do dendrites do?

Answer 7

Structures that receive electrochemical messages

Question 8

What is an axon?

Answer 8

Long projection that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body

Question 9

What do Synaptic Terminals do?

Answer 9

They are terminals that have neurotransmitters present .

Question 10

What is the Autonomic System?

Answer 10

It is involuntary, it is automatic. Body automatically does it.

Question 11

What is the Autonomic System broken down into?

Answer 11

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems

Question 12

What does the Sympathetic system do? (simple)

Answer 12

Speeds up nerve impulses. S&S is a good way to remember this

Question 13

What does the Parasympathetic system do? (simple)

Answer 13

Slows down nerve impulses. (This is Pokey)

Question 14

What is more strongly controlled by the parasympathetic system?

Answer 14

GI System

Question 15

What is more strongly controlled by the sympathetic system?

Answer 15

Fight or flight response

Question 16

What does the Somatic System control?

Answer 16

Voluntarily movements. Helps you move, or do things that require nerve impulses that we control by thinking about

Question 17

What nerves controlled by Somatic System?

Answer 17

Afferent and Efferent Nerves of Skeletal System

Question 18

Functions of Autonomic System? (4)

Answer 18

Regulates activities of internal organs to maintain homeostasis

Regulated by centers in the spinal cord, brain stem and hypothalamus

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 19

What does the Sympathetic System control ? (3)

Answer 19

Flight or Fight Response

Norepinepherine

Stimulation causes dilated blood vessels, bronchioles, and pupils and sweating

Question 20

What does the Parasympathetic System control? (2)

Answer 20

Controls visceral organs (GI and Bladder)

Stimulation causes a reaction of visceral organs (peristalsis and bladder constriction)

Question 21

What is the Somatic System Responsible for?

Answer 21

Carrying motor and sensory information both to and from CNS

Question 22

What is the Somatic System made up of?

Answer 22

Nerves that connect to the skin, sensory organs, and all skeletal muscles

Question 23

Neurotransmitters: Communicate messages how?

Answer 23

From one neuron to another or to a specific target tissue

Question 24

Neurotransmitters: What can they do to a target cell?

Answer 24

Excite (Acetycholine) or inhibit (dopamine)

Question 25

Neurotransmitters: Many neurologic disorders are caused by

Answer 25

an imbalance in neurotransmitters

Question 26

What does Acetycholine do?

Answer 26

Excites or speed up transmissions

Question 27

What does Dopamine do?

Answer 27

Inhibits or slows down the nerve impulses

Question 28

What are the sensory nerves?

Answer 28

I, II, VII

Question 29

What are teh motor nerves?

Answer 29

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

Question 30

What are teh mixed sensory and motor nerves?

Answer 30

V, VII, IX, X

Question 31

The Autonomic Nervous system functions to regulate...

Answer 31

activites of internal organs and to maintain and restore internal homeostasis

Question 32

Main neurotrnsmitter in Sympathetic Nervous System is?

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

What is the Autonomic Nervous System regulated by?

Answer 33

Centers in the spinal cord, brainstem, and hypothalamus

Question 34

What does the Sympathetic Nervous system do to body organs? (Specifics)

Answer 34

Stimulation causes dilated blood vessels in the heart and skeletal muscles, dilated bronchioles, and increased sweat production and dilated pupils

Question 35

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do to body organs? (Specifics)

Answer 35

Stimulation causes a reaction of visceral organs, such as peristalsis or bladder contraction

Question 36

What are the requirements for an accurate assessment?

Answer 36

Knowledge of anatomy and physiology or neuro system Knowledge of diagnostic tests Knowledge of nursing interventions for diagnostic tests and assessment procedures

Question 37

Neurologic Assessment: What Health History poritons would you look at? (6)

Answer 37

Pain Seizures Dizziness (abnormal sensation of imbalance) / Vertigo (illusion of movement, usually rotation) Visual Disturbances (Are they seeing double? Halos around light?) Weakness Abnormal Sensations (Paresthesia)

Question 38

Neurologic Assessment: What would you look at for cerebral function? (7)

Answer 38

Mental status, intellectual function, thought content, emotional status, (Labial mode) perception, motor ability, language ability

Question 39

Neurologic Assessment: Cerebral function, make sure to note what impact?

Answer 39

Impact of any neurologic impairments on lifestyle and patient abilities and limitations

Question 40

Neurologic Assessment: Motor system, what is assessed? ($)

Answer 40

Posture, Gait, (Assess when they aren't paying attention) Muscle Tone and Strength Coordination and Balance

Question 41

Neurologic Assessment: Sensory System parts (4)

Answer 41

Tactile Sensation Superficial Pain Vibration Position Sense (Tell them to close eyes and tell us what position their hand is in)

Question 42

What is Ataxia?

Answer 42

Incoordination of voluntary muscle action, particularly of the muscle groups used in activities such as walking or reaching

Question 43

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: Its important to distinguish what?

Answer 43

Normal aging changes from abnormal changes

Question 44

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: What should you do first?

Answer 44

Determine previous mental status for comparison. Assess mental status carefuly to distinguish delirium from dementia

Question 45

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: Normal changes of the body icncludes what? (8)

Answer 45

Loss in Strength/Agility Change in Gait, posture, and balance Slowed Recaction Time and Decrease Reflex Visual/Hearing Alterations Decreased sense of smell/taste Dulling of tactile sesnations Decreased temperature REduction of cerebral blood flow

Question 46

What Diagnostic Tests can be performed? (8)

Answer 46

CT, PET, MRI, SPECT Cerebral Angiography (Look at blood flow through brain)/Myelography (Uses Dye) Noninvasice Carotid Flow Studies (Ultrasound Carotid Artery) Transcranial Doppler Electroencephalography (EEG) (Electrodes placed to study activity) Electromyography (EMG) (electrodes placed to study activity) Nerve Conduction Studies/Evoked Potential Studies Lumbar Puncture and Analysis of Fluid

Question 47

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: How is the test first initially performed?

Answer 47

Without IV dye, and then with IV

Question 48

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: What does the patient do

Answer 48

Lies on table with head in heatrest while scanning system roates around heat

Question 49

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: Nursing Intervention for this?

Answer 49

Tell pt about need to lie still. Fasting for 4 hours if contast needed

Question 50

Diagnostic Evaluation & MRI: Useful in what situations?

Answer 50

Diagnosis of brain tumor, strokes, and multiple sclerosis and does not involve ionizing radiation