[Exam 3] Chapter 56: Assessment and Management of Female Physiologic Processes (Page 1666-1668, 1681-1684)

Question 1

What does the Affordable Care Act do?

Answer 1

Requires private insurers to cover preventive health care

Question 2

What are some prevent health care that were covered by the affordable care act?

Answer 2

Evidence-Based Screening, Annual well-woman visits, 3d mammorgrams and all contraceptions.

Question 3

Function of the female reproductive system?

Answer 3

Ovulation and the menstrual cycle

Question 4

Significant hormones and hormonal changes in women?

Answer 4

Estrogen, PRogesterone, Androgens

Follicle-Stiulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 5

Health History of Women: You get a history of what?

Answer 5

Menstural history and history of pregnancies and exposure to medications.

STDs, surgieres, and sexual histories

Question 6

Health History of Women: Is there pain with what?

Answer 6

Menses or intercourse

Question 7

Health History of Women: Monitor for

Answer 7

Vaginal discharge, odor, or itching,

Question 8

Physical Assessment: Annual Breast and Pelvic Examiniations recommended for who?

Answer 8

All women 21 years of age or older and those who are sexually active, regardless of age

Question 9

Physical Assessment: Alleviate feelings of anxiety with explanations and education of what?

Answer 9

Explain sexual issues are valid health issues

REassure its safe to talk about sexual issues

Explain that changes or problems in sexual functioning should be discussed

Question 10

Physical Assessment: What may a patient be asked to do in a total assessment?

Answer 10

Empty her bladder and to provide a urine specimen if urine tests are a part of it

Question 11

What is Perimenopause?

Answer 11

Period extended from the first signs of menopause (decreased estrogen) and ends one year after cessation of menses

Question 12

What are some signs of perimenopause?

Answer 12

hot flashes, vaginal dryness, insomnia, difficulty with memory or irregular menses

Question 13

REproductive function is perimenopause?

Answer 13

Gradually ceases

Question 14

Perimenopause duration?

Answer 14

Lasts about one year after last menstrual period

Question 15

Can you get pregnant is perimenopuse?

Answer 15

Yes, you are still able to get pregnant until last period occurs

Question 16

Perimenopause: Changes in sexual function include

Answer 16

DEcreased estrogen levels

Changes in nerve transmission and response in peripheral vascular system

Changing in timing and degree of vasocongestion during sexual response

Question 17

Perimenopause: Women will often complain of

Answer 17

Vaginal dryness, due to change in timing during sexual response

Question 18

What is Natural Menopause?

Answer 18

Permanent cessation of menses, result of aging

Question 19

At what age does Natural MEnopause occur?

Answer 19

Between 48-55 years of age

Question 20

How does Chemical Menopause occur?

Answer 20

Cancer chemotherapy-Cytotoxic drugs arrest ovarian function

Question 21

What is Surgical Menopause?

Answer 21

Ovaries removed in premenopausal women, reducing estrogen and progestin production

Question 22

If a woman has a hysterectomy (removal of uterus) but not an oophorectomy (Removal of ovaries), what will she be in?

Answer 22

Will not be in menopause

Question 23

Menopause increased health risks

Answer 23

Heart Disease, because Estrogen protects our organs.

Osteoporsis because they lose calcium from bones

Breast Cancer

Macular Degeneration

Question 24

Menopause: What will change nutrition wise?

Answer 24

Decrease fat and calories will increasing calcium, whole grains, fiber, fruit, and vegetables

Question 25

Menopause: Ensure calcium intake what what type of exercise?

Answer 25

Weight bearing

Question 26

Menopause: What may worsen hot flashes?

Answer 26

Fatigue and stress

Question 27

Menopause: After this, what screenings do we want women to do?

Answer 27

Mammograms and Pap Tests

Question 28

Postmenopausal Bleeding: Bleeding after 1 year must be...

Answer 28

investigated, and malignant condition must be considered

Question 29

Postmenopausal Bleeding: What is a transvaginal ultrasound used for?

Answer 29

Measure the thickness of the endometrial lining, which should be thin because of low estrogen levels

Question 30

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Benefits of this?

Answer 30

Beneficial in women at risk of osteoporosis, slowing down the process

Question 31

Hormone Replacement Therapy: This may relieve what?

Answer 31

Vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and night sweats

Question 32

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Used to believe that it used to fight what?

Answer 32

Prevent heart disease, but is the opposite. It can make it worse

Question 33

Hormone Replacement Therapy: WHo should not use this?

Answer 33

Those with history of vascular thrombosis Active liver disease Uterine Cancer Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Breast Cancer Cardiovascular

Question 34

Hormone Replacement Therapy: What is prescribed for women who have not had a hysterectomy?

Answer 34

Estrogen and PRogestin

Question 35

Hormone Replacement Therapy: What does PRogestin do?

Answer 35

Prevents proliferation of the uterine lining and hyperplasia

Question 36

Premanstrual Syndrome: What is this?

Answer 36

Cluster of complex symptoms that are usually related to the luteal phase of the menstural cyle

Question 37

Premanstrual Syndrome: What are some signs of this?

Answer 37

Mood swings, breast tenderness, fatigue, irritability, food cravings, depression, headache, fluid retention

Question 38

Premanstrual Syndrome: When does this occur?

Answer 38

3-14 days prior to menstruation and are relieved by menses

Question 39

Premanstrual Syndrome: What are some risk factors of this?

Answer 39

Major life stressors Age > 30 Depression

Question 40

Premanstrual Syndrome: With someone womens cycles lasting only 21 days.. this means they will go how long without PMS?

Answer 40

Possibly only one week out of theh month

Question 41

Premanstrual Syndrome: Interventions to help allieve the symptoms include

Answer 41

Increased fluid intake, which helps dilute the hormones and decreasing effect Increase frequency and intensity of exercises, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), often given for depression but can help with PMS

Question 42

What is Amenorrhea?

Answer 42

Absence of menstural flow

Question 43

Amenorrhea: Primary Amenorrhea refers to the situation in which

Answer 43

a 15 yer old has not begun developing secondary sex characteristics or by 16 or older develop secondary sex characteristics but has not started mensturation

Question 44

Amenorrhea: What is a Secondary Amenorrhea?

Answer 44

Absence of menses for three cycles or 6 months after a normal menarche

Question 45

Dysmenorrhea: What is primary Dysmenorrhea

Answer 45

Painful mensturation, with no identifiable pelvic pathology.

Question 46

Dysmenorrhea: What does Primary Dysmenorrhea signs look like?

Answer 46

Crampy pain that begins before or shortly after onset of menstural flow and continues for 48-72 hours

Question 47

Dysmenorrhea: This is thoughth to result because of what?

Answer 47

Excessie production of prostaglandings, which causes painful contractions of the uterus

Question 48

Amenorrhea: Secondary Amenorrhea ma be caused by

Answer 48

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, pituitary disease, primary ovarin failure , or pregnancy

Question 49

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What is this?

Answer 49

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 50

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What is Menorrhagia?

Answer 50

Prolonged or excessive bleeding at the time of the regular menstrual flow

Question 51

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: What is this a sign of in young women?

Answer 51

Cause is usually related to endocrine disturbances

Question 52

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: What is this a sign of in oldere women?

Answer 52

Inflammatory disturbances, tumors of the uterus, or hormonal imbalance

Question 53

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: Persistent heavy bleeding may result in

Answer 53

Anemia

Question 54

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: Treatment may involve what?

Answer 54

Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy

Question 55

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Metrorrhagia: What is this?

Answer 55

Vaginal bleeding between menstural periods, and is the most significant form of menstural dysfunction because it may signal cancer

Question 56

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menometrorrhagia: What is this

Answer 56

Heavy vaginal bleeding between and during periods

Question 57

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Amenorrhea causes include

Answer 57

STructural and/or hormonal abnormalities, polycystic ovary disease, imperforate hymen, or ovarian tumors

Question 58

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: MEnorrhagia causes include

Answer 58

thyroid disorders, endometriosis, PID, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, polyps, clotting disorders or anticoagulnt therapy

Question 59

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: MEtororrhagia causes include

Answer 59

Hormonal imbalance, PID, POlyps, Uterine FIbroids, or cervical / uterine cancer

Question 60

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: This is seen in what age group and most often caused by what?

Answer 60

ADolescents and most often caused by lack of ovulation

Question 61

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Tests that can be performed include...

Answer 61

Pap Smear: Rules out Cervical Carcinoma Pelvic Ultrasound: Identifies luteal cysts or ovarian tumors Edometrial Biopsy: For Histological Examination

Question 62

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Lab Tests include..

Answer 62

CBC: Rules out systemic disease Coagulant Factors pT and pTT: Rules out clotting disorders Thyroid function studies and endocrine studies: Evaluates pituitary and adrenal function Progesterone levels

Question 63

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What can be done once caused is determines?

Answer 63

Hormal replacement with birth control or progesterone Therapeutic Dilation and curregate: Cervical canal i dilated and uterine wall is scraped. Can still carry children here. Endometrial Ablation: Endometrial layer of the uterus is destroyed by using a laser, thermal balloon, or electrocautery. Once completed, you cannot carry children Hysterectomy: Surgical Removal of the uterus Oral Contraception: Let them know that some antibiotics can cause some contraceptions to become ineffective. With surgery, clot can develop so monitor closely.