[Exam 2] Chapter 21: Respiratory Care Modalities (Page 510-521)

Question 1

Oxygen Therapy: What is Hypoxemia?

Answer 1

Decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in teh blood, manifested by changes in mental status, dyspnea, increase in BP, and cool extremities.

Question 2

Oxygen Therapy: What is Hypoxia?

Answer 2

Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells

Question 3

Oxygen Toxicity: When would this occur?

Answer 3

When too high cocnentration ox oxygen is given for an extended period

Question 4

Oxygen Toxicity: What happens if this is untreated?

Answer 4

Radicals can severly damage the alveolar capillary membrane leading to pulmonary edema and cell death

Question 5

Oxygen Toxicity: Signs and Symptoms of this?

Answer 5

Substernal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea restlessness, fatigue, and respiratory difficulty

Question 6

Oxygen Toxicity: Why would absorption atelectasis occur?

Answer 6

Th extra oxygen replaces the nitrogen which is used to maintain patency. Alveoli collapse

Question 7

Supression of Ventilation: What is the Hypoxic drive theory for those with COPD?

Answer 7

Posited that administration of high cocnentration of oxygen removes the respiratory drive created by patients chronic low oxygen tension. Causes increased PaCO2.

Question 8

Methods of Oxygen Administration: What delivers the most precise and reliable oxygen concentration?

Answer 8

Venturi Mask

Question 9

Methods of Oxygen Administration: How much air cna be adminisered in a nasal canula?

Answer 9

6L

Question 10

Methods of Oxygen Administration: Oxygen delivery systems are identified as

Answer 10

low-flow (variable performance) or high flow (fixed performance)

Question 11

Methods of Oxygen Administration: What air does a patient on a low-flow systme breathe?

Answer 11

Air in their tank and in the room

Question 12

Methods of Oxygen Administration: When is a nasal cannula used?

Answer 12

When patient requires low-to medium concentration for oxygen when precise accuracy is not esstential.

Question 13

Methods of Oxygen Administration: When is a Nasal Catheter used?

Answer 13

Rarely used byt may be prescribed for short-term therapy to administer low-to moderate concentrations of oxygen.

Question 14

Methods of Oxygen Administration: Simple masks are used to administer

Answer 14

low-to-moderate concentrations of oxygen. Stores oxygen between breaths . Has openings on the side

Question 15

Methods of Oxygen Administration: What are partial rebreathing masks?

Answer 15

Have reservoir bag that must remain inflated during inspiration adn expiration. Nurse adjusts oxygen to ensure bag does not collapse

Question 16

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Partial Rebreathing Masks: What happens to air as patient breathes.

Answer 16

When inhaling, gas drawn from mask, bag, and potentially room air

Question 17

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Nonbreabthing Masks: How does gas flow work here?

Answer 17

Gas may enter the base of mask from the bag but cannot flow back into the bag on expiration

Question 18

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Nonbreabthing Masks: Can room air enter the mask?

Answer 18

No. One wayy vales located at exhalation ports prevent room air from entering

Question 19

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Venturi Mask: How does airflow work here?

Answer 19

Mask is constructed in a way that allows a constant flow of room air blended wiht a fixed flow of oxygen.

Question 20

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Venturi Mask: Used for patients with

Answer 20

COPD

Question 21

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter: What does this require?

Answer 21

Minor surgery to insert a catheter through a small incision directly into the trchea

Question 22

Methods of Oxygen Administration, Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter: Who is this made for?

Answer 22

Those with Chronic oxygen therapy needs

Question 23

Methods of Oxygen Administration, T-Piece: What is this?

Answer 23

Special adaptor used to deliver oxygen.

Question 24

Methods of Oxygen Administration: What is Hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

Answer 24

The administration of 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure

Question 25

Methods of Oxygen Administration: Why is Hyperbaric oxygen therapy done?

Answer 25

Treats decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning, and wound healing .

Question 26

Methods of Oxygen Administration: Potential side effects of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

Answer 26

Ear Trauma, Central Nervous System Disorders, Oxygen Toxicity, and Anxiety

Question 27

Incentive Spirometry: What is this?

Answer 27

Method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to encourage patient to inhale slowly and deeply to maximize lung inflation

Question 28

Incentive Spirometry: Used to prevent what?

Answer 28

Atelectasis

Question 29

Incentive Spirometry: What is the purpose of this?

Answer 29

Ensure that volume of air inhaled is increased gradually as patient takes deper and deeper breaths

Question 30

Incentive Spirometry: What two types of available?

Answer 30

Volume or flow

Question 31

Incentive Spirometry: What is a volume type?

Answer 31

Tidal volume is set using the manufacturers instructions. Pauses at peak inhalation.

Question 32

Incentive Spirometry: What is a Flow type?

Answer 32

Volume is not present. Contains number of moveable balls pushed by force of breath.

Question 33

Incentive Spirometry: How is amount of air inhaled and flow of air estimated?

Answer 33

By how long and how high the balls are suspended

Question 34

Incentive Spirometry: This is used when?

Answer 34

After surgery, especialyl thoracic or abdominal surgegry

Question 35

Incentive Spirometry: What does nursing management include?

Answer 35

Positioning of patient, encourage use, set realistic goals, and record outcomes

Question 36

Incentive Spirometry: Patient Education would include

Answer 36

Use IS 10 breaths per hour Inhale slowly with lips around mouth piece then hold, then exhale

Question 37

Mini Nebulizer Therapy: What is a small volume nebulizer?

Answer 37

Handheld apparatus that disperses a moisutrizing agent or medication into microscopic particles and delivers into lungs, making a visible mist

Question 38

Mini Nebulizer Therapy: Why might someone need this?

Answer 38

Those who cannot clear respiratory secretions Reduced VC with ineffective deep breathing and coughing

Question 39

Mini Nebulizer Therapy: Instructions for patient?

Answer 39

Slow, deep breathing through the mouth and hold a few seocnds at the end of inspiration. Cough to exercise mobile secretions. Do diaphragmatic breathing

Question 40

Mini Nebulizer Therapy: What should you assess before and after treatment?

Answer 40

HR, Lung Sounds, RR

Question 41

Postural Drainage: This allows force of gravity to assist in the removal of

Answer 41

bronchial secretions.

Question 42

Postural Drainage: This is used to prevent or relieve

Answer 42

bronchial obstruction caused by accumulation of secretions

Question 43

Postural Drainage: Do not do this when?

Answer 43

Immediately following a meal

Question 44

Postural Drainage: Position patient so that gravity will

Answer 44

move secretions

Question 45

Postural Drainage: Assess lung sounds when?

Answer 45

Before and after treatment

Question 46

Postural Drainage, Nursing Management: How often is potural drainage performed?

Answer 46

2-4 times a day, before meals and at bedtime

Question 47

Postural Drainage, Nursing Management: Recommended sequence starts with

Answer 47

positions to drain the lower lobes following by draining the upper lobes

Question 48

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): Thick secretions that are difficult to cough up may be lossened by

Answer 48

tapping (percussing) and vibrating the chest or though use of a vest

Question 49

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): Chest Percussions are carried out by

Answer 49

cupping the hands and lightly strinking the chest in a rhythmic fashion over the lung segment to be drained

Question 50

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): What are the goals?

Answer 50

Remove secretions, improve ventilation, and increased efficiency of respiratory muscles

Question 51

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): This is frequently indicated at home for patients with

Answer 51

COPD, Bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis.