Exam 1 chapter 4 powerpoint/lecture

Question 1

what is cephalocaudal development?

Answer 1

growth and development proceeds from the head downward

Question 2

what is proximodistal development

Answer 2

growth and development proceed from the center of body outward

Question 3

what percent of newborn’s head is the whole body?

Answer 3

25 percent

Question 4

what is one of the best ways of meeting infants’ complex nutritional needs?

Answer 4

breastfeeding

Question 5

breastfeeding provides an _____ surge to mothers and infants

Answer 5

oxytocin

Question 6

breastfeeding makes infants less likely to have what?

Answer 6

allergy and digestion issues

Question 7

what is one of the biggest contirbutors to breast feeding?

Answer 7

paid maternity leave

Question 8

how long does the typical newborn sleep per day?

Answer 8

18 hours

Question 9

when do infants show signs of day-night sleep rhytms?

Answer 9

8 weeks

Question 10

when are solid foods introduced to infants?

Answer 10

4-6 months of age

Question 11

what is marasmus?

Answer 11

disease where body begins to waste away, consuming fat and muscle

Question 12

what is kwashiorkor?

Answer 12

disease that comes from sudden and drastic reduction in calories.

Question 13

what is failure to thrive?

Answer 13

infants weight is less than 80 percent of the norm

Question 14

what are glial cells?

Answer 14

brain cells that support neurons

Question 15

glial cells are __ times more common than neurons

Answer 15

10

Question 16

define neurogenesis

Answer 16

creation of new neurons that begin in the embryo’s neural tube

Question 17

we are born with greater than 100 ______ neurons

Answer 17

billion

Question 18

what is synaptogenesis?

Answer 18

creation of connections amongst neurons

Question 19

define transient exuberence

Answer 19

explosion in connections in the early years of life

Question 20

define synapses

Answer 20

gap between neurons

Question 21

define myelination

Answer 21

addition of myelin sheath around axons of neurons

Question 22

what is synaptic pruning?

Answer 22

loss of unused neural connections

Question 23

what is experience-expectant brain development

Answer 23

brain depends on experiencing certain basic events and stimuli at key points in time to dvelop normally

Question 24

learning language and visual processing are examples of experience-______ brain development

Answer 24

expectant

Question 25

what is experience-dependent brain development?

Answer 25

growth occuring in response to learning experiences

Question 26

learning to stack blocks and building a snowman are examples of experience-________ brain development

Answer 26

dependent

Question 27

what is habituation

Answer 27

occurs when repeated exposure to stimulus results in gradual decline in intensity of response