Exam 1 Chapters 1-6

Question 1

What are the Humanities?

Answer 1

Humanities are the stories, the ideas, and the words that help us make sense of our lives and our world.

Question 2

Why study Humanities?

Answer 2

They point the way to answers about what is right or wrong, or what is true about our heritage and our history.

Question 3

Small statue (under 5 inches) found in lower Austria. Made of Lime stone. Mother Earth- women secured food, acted as healers, nurturers, and life-givers.

Answer 3

Venus of Willendorf

Question 4

Black basalt slab discovered in 1799 and deciphered in 1822. Written in two types of Egyptian script and one Greek script arranged in tiers. Understood when they matched the hieroglyphs for certain Egyptian rulers (Cleopatra) with their names in Greek.

Answer 4

Rosetta Stone

Question 5

Belief that forces of nature were alive as living spirits. Belief that things in nature (Trees, sky) have souls or consciousness.

Answer 5

Animism

Question 6

Land between two rivers

Answer 6

Mesopotamia

Question 7

Worship of many gods. Associated with the forces of nature.

Answer 7

Polytheism

Question 8

Worship of one and only one god.

Answer 8

Monotheism

Question 9

Worlds first epic poem

Answer 9

The Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 10

Impressive early temples in Mesopotamia

Answer 10

Ziggurats

Question 11

Writing form in Mesopotamia

Answer 11

Cuneiform

Question 12

Most famous/powerful of Babylonians. Called for systematic codification of existing legal practices. Responsible for written Law.

Answer 12

King Hammurabi

Question 13

Nomads built empire that lasted until 1200 BC. Introduced iron forging technology.

Answer 13

Hittites

Question 14

Father of Judaism, Christianity, Islam.

Answer 14

Abraham

Question 15

Abrahams people called themselves what?

Answer 15

The Children of Israel or Israelites. Later known as Jews

Question 16

Means one and only god in Hebrew

Answer 16

Yahweh

Question 17

Greek version of the Hebrew Bible

Answer 17

Septuagint

Question 18

Persian prophet who denied the nature gods of earlier times.

Answer 18

Zoroaster

Question 19

Colossal statue in Gizeh Egypt. Head of pharaoh, Khafre, body of Lion.

Answer 19

Great Sphinx

Question 20

Lengthy guide in Egyptian culture for preparing oneself for physical death.

Answer 20

Book of the Dead

Question 21

(EGYPT) Replaced numberless deities with single, sun god, Aton god of sun disk

Answer 21

Akhenaten

Question 22

(EGYPT) Top administrator

Answer 22

Vizier

Question 23

(EGYPT) Commemorative stone pillars

Answer 23

Obelisks

Question 24

Method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster.

Answer 24

Fresco

Question 25

Belief that a divine spirit pervades (saturates, infuses) all things in the universe. In India, religion is grounded in this belief.

Answer 25

Pantheism

Question 26

A Chinese belief system that embraces a universal and natural principal

Answer 26

Daoism

Question 27

(PERU) Enormous designs created by scraping away surface and removing stones.

Answer 27

Geoglyph

Question 28

Believed to be the birthplace of civilization in the Americas.

Answer 28

Peru

Question 29

One of the largest and most advanced native cultures in Meso Americans. Raised temple pyramids on clay platforms. Calendar system. Portraiture and mirror-making. Human sacrifice rituals. Carved colossal stone heads.

Answer 29

The Olmecs

Question 30

German businessman and amateur archaeologist. Excavator of Troy along with Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiryns.

Answer 30

Heirich Schliemann

Question 31

Known as the blind poet. Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, the epic poems about the Trojan War and its aftermath.

Answer 31

Homer

Question 32

First architect known in history

Answer 32

Imhotep

Question 33

The father of history. First known historian, documented the Persian wars.

Answer 33

Herodotus

Question 34

Glorification of Athens. Statesman leading proponent of Athenian democracy.

Answer 34

Pericles

Question 35

Written by Sophocles. Play 440 BC. Thebes attacked, king Oedipus killed, his sons Polynices and Eteocles kill each other in dispute over the throne. Brother in law becomes king- King Creon who forbids burial of Polynices. His sister Antigone, buries him for religious reasons.

Answer 35

Antigone

Question 36

Play. The main character_______, persuades her fellow women of Athens to "strike"--- no sexual satisfaction until peace is negotiated.

Answer 36

Lysistrata

Question 37

Literally means "love of wisdom". Realism, doaism, pantheism.

Answer 37

Philosophy

Question 38

Advanced idea that departed from both the material and non-material views. He believed that proportion, discovered through number, was the true basis of reality.

Answer 38

Pythagoras

Question 39

Most famous Greek physician. Father of modern medicine.

Answer 39

Hippocrates

Question 40

Great cultural center of the western world

Answer 40

Athens

Question 41

One of the most important figures in Greek history. Philosophy and cultures are inspired by his life. Wrote nothing.

Answer 41

Socrates

Question 42

Student of Socrates

Answer 42

Plato

Question 43

Plato's most gifted student, continued to develop his theories.

Answer 43

Aristotle

Question 44

Aristotle's philosophy

Answer 44

The Ethics

Question 45

Greek art is fundamentally faithful to nature

Answer 45

Realism

Question 46

Main source of information regarding Greek painting during golden age.

Answer 46

Decorated Vases

Question 47

Free standing statue of a male youth. Rigid and nude.

Answer 47

Kouros

Question 48

Outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age- supreme example Classical era- temple to Athena- goddess of war, patron of the arts and crafts

Answer 48

The Parthenon

Question 49

Greatest lyric poet of Hellenic culture. Was female and had a great deal of respect. Mother, wife, teacher. From the island of Lesbos

Answer 49

Sappho

Question 50

A Greek lyrical poem of praise

Answer 50

Ode

Question 51

Greek word that describes any of the 9 daughters of Zeus and goddess of memory

Answer 51

Muse

Question 52

Military genius. Created empire from Greece to borders of modern India. Hellenized North Africa and Central Asia. He spread the Greek language and culture.

Answer 52

Alexander the Great

Question 53

Replaced Athens as a cultural center.

Answer 53

Alexandria

Question 54

A stone coffin (tomb)- Etruscans often carve portraits on the lids.

Answer 54

Sarcophagi

Question 55

First emperor of Augustan Age. New political order.

Answer 55

Octavius

Question 56

Believed world governed by Reason, that Divine Providence or Divine Reason watched over the virtuous.

Answer 56

Stoicism

Question 57

Was commissioned to write a Roman national epic. His poetry was loved and revered by future poets. Son of a farmer, deep love for the land, deep peace.

Answer 57

Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro)

Question 58

A satirist, born in one of the provinces criticized Rome

Answer 58

Juvenal

Question 59

For public water supply for Rome

Answer 59

Aqueducts

Question 60

Center for sports and exhibition. Seated 50,000 spectators

Answer 60

The Colosseum

Question 61

Farmers and small land owners of Ancient Rome.

Answer 61

Plebeians