Exam 1 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses

Question 1

Miniscule, acellular, infectious agent having either DNA or RNA

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

In order to grow, reproduce, etc viruses require this

Answer 2

A host

Question 3

Protein coat of virus in extracellular state

Answer 3

Capsid

Question 4

Protein coat surrounding a nucleic core

Answer 4

Virion

Question 5

What is another term for a virion

Answer 5

Nucleocapsid

Question 6

Once the virus is inside the host, the capsid is removed and exists as this

Answer 6

Simply as nucleic acid

Question 7

Which types of organisms are susceptible to virus infection?

Answer 7

All types

Question 8

What are the 3 viral shapes?

Answer 8

Complex
Polyhedral
Helical

Question 9

This viral shape contains capsids of many shapes

Answer 9

Complex

Question 10

This virus shape is spiral

Answer 10

Helical

Question 11

This viral shape is a geodesic dome

Answer 11

Polyhedral

Question 12

What is the most common shape of viruses?

Answer 12

Icosahedron (20 sides)

Question 13

What shape is the rabies virus?

Answer 13

Bullet shaped

Question 14

Where does the viral envelope come from?

Answer 14

Acquired from host cell

Question 15

What are viral glycoproteins that project off the virus?

Answer 15

Spikes

Question 16

Has envelope

Answer 16

Enveloped virion

Question 17

No envelope

Answer 17

Non-enveloped or naked virion

Question 18

How are viruses classified?

Answer 18

Based on type of nucleic acid, presence of an envelope, shape, and size

Question 19

This type of viral replication usually results in death and lysis of host cell

Answer 19

Lytic replication

Question 20

What are the 5 stages of lytic replication?

Answer 20

Attachment- to host cell
Entry- of virion into host cell
Synthesis- nucleic acids and proteins by the host's cells enzymes and ribosomes
Assembly- of new virions
Release- of new virions from host cell

Question 21

In this form of viral replication, the infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for generations before they lyse

Answer 21

Lysogeny

Question 22

This a bacteriophage capable of lysogeny

Answer 22

Temperate phages

Question 23

This is an inactive phage, usually during lysogeny

Answer 23

Prophages

Question 24

This form of viral replication can turn bacterium from harmless to pathogen

Answer 24

Lysogenic conversion

Question 25

What are the two major differences of animal viruses?

Answer 25

Presence of envelope around SOME viruses | Lack of cell wall

Question 26

What are the 3 mechanisms of entry of animal viruses?

Answer 26

Direct penetration Membrane fusion Endocytosis

Question 27

In the replicaiton of membrane fusion, where do the viral glycoproteins go?

Answer 27

They remain in cytoplasmic membrane of host cell

Question 28

What is it called when animal viruses remain dormant in host cells

Answer 28

Latent virus or provirus

Question 29

What is the most common example of latent viruses?

Answer 29

Herpes

Question 30

Viruses that cause cancer

Answer 30

Oncovirus

Question 31

Uncontrolled cell division in multicellular animal

Answer 31

Neoplasia

Question 32

Mass of neoplastic cells

Answer 32

Tumor (neoplasm)

Question 33

Tumor that lacks ability to metastasize

Answer 33

Benign tumor

Question 34

Cancer or tumors that can spread

Answer 34

Malignant

Question 35

Extremely small, circular pieces of RNA that LACK CAPSIDS and attack plants

Answer 35

Viroids

Question 36

Infectious, pathogenic RNA particles that LACK CAPSIDS and do not infect plants

Answer 36

Viroidlike agents

Question 37

Proteinaceous infectious agents that lack nucleic acid

Answer 37

Prions

Question 38

What do prions do to PrP proteins in a host

Answer 38

Change the PrP proteins from alpha helices to Beta sheets

Question 39

Prion disease is most predominant where in a mammal?

Answer 39

Nervous system

Question 40

Prions form large vacuoles in the brain known as what?

Answer 40

Spongiform encephalopathies

Question 41

Name 3 spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 41

BSE- bovine or mad cow vCJD Kuru