exam 1 class 7

Question 1

As inhaled air becomes humidified passing down the airways,
what happens to the PO2 of the air?

Answer 1

the partial pressure of oxygen decreases (addition of water vapor dilutes the concentration of oxygen in the air mixture)

Question 2

4 lung volumes

Answer 2

tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume

Question 3

lung volumes vary considerably with?

Answer 3

age, sex, height, and weight

Question 4

the volume of air that moves during a single inspiration or expiration ( breath quietly)

Answer 4

tidal volume

Question 5

average tidal volume

Answer 5

500 mL

Question 6

additional volume that you inspire above the tidal volume ( breathing in as much additional air as you can)

Answer 6

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 7

amount of air forecefully exhaled after the end of a normal expiration ( pushing out as much air as possible)

Answer 7

expiratory reserve volume

Question 8

expiratory reserve volume average

Answer 8

1100 mL

Question 9

after you blow out as much air as you can the air left over that remains in your lungs still ( maximum exhalation what is left over still inside)

Answer 9

residual volume

Question 10

T or F lung volumes differ between male and females

Answer 10

true

Question 11

sum of two or more lung volumes is called?

Answer 11

lung capacity

Question 12

Primary muscles involved in quiet breathing (breathing at rest) are:

Answer 12

diaphragm, external intercostals, and scalenes

Question 13

Air flow in the respiratory tract obeys:

Answer 13

flow of change in pressure /resistance

Question 14

delta P/R means

Answer 14

1. air flows in response to a pressure gradient
2. flow decreases as the resistance of the system to flow increases

Question 15

inspiration occurs when?

Answer 15

alveolar pressure decreases

Question 16

• at rest
• inspiration
• expiration

Answer 16

-at rest: diaphragm is relaxed
- inspiration: thoracic volume increases
- expiration: diaphragm relaxes thoracic volume decreases

Question 17

what do external intercostal and scalene muscles do during inhalation

Answer 17

contract and pull the ribs upwards and out

Question 18

inspiratory muscles

Answer 18

external intercostals and scalenes

Question 19

brief pause between breaths, alveolear pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure ( when pressures are equal there is no air flow)

Answer 19

time 0

Question 20

inspiration increase in the thoracic volume, alveolar pressure falls about 1 mm Hg below atmospheric pressure, and air goes into the alveoli

Answer 20

time 0-2

Question 21

expiration occurs when?

Answer 21

alveolar pressure increases

Question 22

expiration during quiet breathing does not require active muscle contraction

Answer 22

passive expiration

Question 23

air pressure in the lungs increases and reaching maximum 1 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure, alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

Answer 23

time 2-4 expiration

Question 24

after expiration air movement stops when alveolar pressure is equal again to atmospheric pressure

Answer 24

time 4

Question 25

active expiration uses what muscles?

Answer 25

internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

Question 26

these muscles line the inside of the rib cage and, when they contract they pull the ribs inwards and reduce the volume of the thoracic cavity

Answer 26

internal intercostal

Question 27

this muscle pulls the lower rib cage inward and decreases abdominal volume and displaces the intestines and liver upward

Answer 27

abdominal contraction

Question 28

how much of the body's energy is used on quiet breathing?

Answer 28

3-5 %

Question 29

ability of the lung to stretch

Answer 29

compliance

Question 30

the fluid lining the alveoli helps to create?

Answer 30

surface tension

Question 31

lungs secrete a surfactant to?

Answer 31

reduce surface tension

Question 32

surfactant decreases the surface tension of the alveolar fluid which....

Answer 32

decreases resistance of the lung to stretch

Question 33

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome babies have low or high compliance lungs?

Answer 33

low compliance lungs

Question 34

Primary muscles involved in quiet breathing (breathing at rest) are:

Answer 34

diaphragm, external intercostals, and scalenes

Question 35

the systems length, the viscosity of the substance flowing through the system and the radius of the tubes in the system

Answer 35

Poiseuille's law

Question 36

90% of airways resistance is from

Answer 36

trachea and bronchi

Question 37

Airway _______ Determines Airway Resistance

Answer 37

Diameter

Question 38

decrease in bronchioles diameter can cause?

Answer 38

airway resistance

Question 39

increases resistance to air flow and decreases the amount of fresh air that reaches the alveoli.

Answer 39

Bronchoconstriction

Question 40

Relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle causes

Answer 40

Bronchodilation

Question 41

the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs each minute

Answer 41

Total pulmonary ventilation

Question 42

Anatomic dead space averages?

Answer 42

150 mL