Exam 1 - Conception and Fetal Development

Question 1

Name the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 1

follicular, ovulation, luteal

Question 2

Name the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

Answer 2

Menses, proliferative, secretory

Question 3

What hormone stimulates the maturation of several follicles?

Answer 3

FSH

Question 4

Ovulation is associated with a surge in what?

Answer 4

LH

Question 5

Define ovulation

Answer 5

release of an egg from the ovary

Question 6

The corpus luteum secretes what hormone?

Answer 6

Progesterone

Question 7

If pregnancy does not occur, what happens to estrogen and progesterone levels?

Answer 7

They drop

Question 8

Menses

Answer 8

shedding of the uterine lining

Question 9

Proliferative phase

Answer 9

buildup of thick inner lining to prepare for implantation of the fertilized egg

Question 10

Secretory phase

Answer 10

Further prepares the endometrium by making it more glandular and vascular

Question 11

What happens during the follicular phase?

Answer 11

FSH stimulates follicle growth;
Dominant follicle to be released at ovulation

Question 12

What happens during the luteal phase?

Answer 12

Empty follicle becomes corpus luteum;
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone;
Progesterone helps prepare uterine lining for pregnancy

Question 13

Embryonic period

Answer 13

Beginning of the 3rd week until 8th week after conception

Question 14

What are the 3 layers that the embryonic disc develops into?

Answer 14

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 15

During week 4, the embryo is the size of a _____

Answer 15

poppy seed

Question 16

During week 5, the embryo is the size of a _____

Answer 16

apple seed

Question 17

During week 6, the embryo is the size of a _____

Answer 17

sweet pea

Question 18

During week 7, the embryo is the size of a _____

Answer 18

blueberry

Question 19

During week 8, the embryo is the size of a _____

Answer 19

Raspberry

Question 20

In which week does the neural plate develop?

Answer 20

Week 3

Question 21

Fetal period

Answer 21

9 weeks until birth

Question 22

Dating a pregnancy and describing how far along it is based on LMP / conception

Answer 22

Gestational Age

Question 23

start of feeling fetal movement

Answer 23

Quickening

Question 24

Helps maintain the fetus’ body temperature

Answer 24

Brown fat

Question 25

Fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn

Answer 25

Lanugo

Question 26

A white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy

Answer 26

Vernix caseosa

Question 27

lipoprotein complex that lines the alveoli and decreases the surface tension to prevent lung atelectasis

Answer 27

Surfactant

Question 28

Around what week should you feel the body moving? (Rule of thumb)

Answer 28

20 weeks

Question 29

________ covers fetal body to help the vernix adhere to the skin

Answer 29

Lanugo

Question 30

_______ helps neonate maintain temperature stability after birth

Answer 30

Brown fat

Question 31

What is the typical gestational age of viability? What age can this vary to?

Answer 31

24 weeks; 22 weeks

Question 32

At what gestational age does the fetus' eyes close? When do they reopen?

Answer 32

Week 9; Week 26

Question 33

What are the 4 major functions of the placenta?

Answer 33

(1) Produce hormones for pregnancy maintenance (2) Transports substances b/w maternal and fetal circulation (3) Metabolizes and synthesizes agents for sustaining pregnancy (4) Provides immunologic barrier b/w maternal and fetal systems

Question 34

The 3 main placental hormones are...

Answer 34

hCG, Estrogen, and Progesterone

Question 35

Which hormone maintains the endometrial layer for implantation of the fertilized ovum?

Answer 35

Progesterone

Question 36

A _____ insertion of the umbilical cord poses risk

Answer 36

Velamentous

Question 37

What surrounds the umbilical cord and is a gelatinous collagen?

Answer 37

Wharton's jelly

Question 38

The umbilical cord contains ___ arteries and ___ veins.

Answer 38

2, 1

Question 39

The 2 umbilical arteries carry ______ blood _____ ____ the fetus.

Answer 39

deoxygenated, away from

Question 40

The 1 umbilical vein carries ______ blood __ ___ ____ to the fetus

Answer 40

oxygenated, from the placenta

Question 41

The inner layer of the fetal membrane is the ____.

Answer 41

Amnion

Question 42

The outer layer of the fetal membrane is the ____.

Answer 42

Chorion

Question 43

What is derived from the detail urine and fluid transported from the maternal blood across the amnion?

Answer 43

Amniotic fluid

Question 44

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?

Answer 44

Protect fetus, promote development

Question 45

What are the 3 types of shunts?

Answer 45

(1) Ductus venosus (2) Foramen ovale (3) Ductus arteriosus

Question 46

50% of oxygenated blood from the placenta bypasses the liver and enters the inferior vena cava through this shunt. Which is it?

Answer 46

Ductus venosus

Question 47

The majority of blood passes from the right atrium into the left atrium through this shunt. Which is it?

Answer 47

Foramen ovale

Question 48

This shunt moves blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Which is it?

Answer 48

Ductus arteriosus