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5032 - OB/Peds > Exam 1 - Contraception & Family Planning > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Contraception & Family Planning Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

When choosing a method of birth control, _____ outweighs reliability.

A

Consistency

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2
Q

Name the 6 main “buckets” of birth control

A

(1) Combination hormonal
(2) Progesterone only
(3) Non-hormonal
(4) Emergency
(5) Natural family planning
(6) Permanent

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of combined hormonal contraception (CHC)

A

(1) Pill
(2) Ortho Evra patch
(3) NuvaRing

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for CHC? Name at least 3

A

(1) Hx of blood clots
(2) Migraine with aura
(3) Breastfeeding
(4) HTN
(5) Smoking
(6) current breast disease
(7) Cirrhosis
(8) Diabetes with neuropathy

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5
Q

The acronym ACHES is to assess blood clots with CHCs. What does ACHES stand for?

A

A = abdominal pain
C = chest pain / SOB
H = headaches
E = eyesight changes
S = severe leg pain

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6
Q

BC pills - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Prevents ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus
Thins uterine lining

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7
Q

BC pills - how to use

A

Take one pill daily at the same time; 21-day pack followed by 7-day break

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8
Q

BC pills - Impact on menstrual cycle

A

can regulate or lighten period; may eliminate

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9
Q

BC pills - other important things to know

A

(1) side effects
(2) effectiveness can be reduced by certain meds
(3) may improve acne

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10
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Releases hormones though skin to prevent ovulation

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11
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how to use

A

Apply a patch each week; change weekly for 3 weeks; then have a patch-free week

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12
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Can regulate or lighten periods

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13
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - other imp things to know

A

Can be visible
Can cause skin irritation

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14
Q

NuvaRing - how it prevents pregnancy

A

releases hormones to prevent ovulation

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15
Q

NuvaRing - how to use

A

Insert ring into vagina and leave for 3 weeks; remove for 1 week

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16
Q

NuvaRing - impact on menstrual cycle

A

can lighten periods and alleviate menstrual symptoms

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17
Q

NuvaRing - other imp things to know

A

(1) Can cause vaginal irritation or discharge
(2) can be left in during intercourse

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18
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Stops ovulation
thickens cervical mucus

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19
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - how to use

A

IM injection every 12 weeks
typically in upper arm

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20
Q

Can the Depo-Provera Shot be given in any other location besides the arm?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Periods may become irregular or stop

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22
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - other imp things to know

A

(1) Weight gain, headaches, mood changes;
(2) Return to fertility can take ~6+ months
(3) LT use may decrease bone density

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23
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Stops ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus to block sperm

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24
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how to use

A

Take one pill at the same time every day without breaks

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25
If you miss a Progestin Only / Mini Pill by more than 3 hours, what should you do?
Use backup contraception for at least 48 hours
26
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - impact on menstrual cycle
Irregular periods Lighter periods May stop period
27
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - other imp things to know
Mini pills are MUCH more sensitive so using them perfectly is important for effectiveness
28
Nexplanon - how it prevents pregnancy
releases hormones to prevent ovulation
29
Nexplanon - how to use it
small rod is inserted under the skin of the upper arm (under bicep)
30
Nexplanon - impact on menstrual cycle
irregular bleeding or periods
31
Nexplanon - other imp things to know
Lasts up to 5 years Removal requires healthcare provider
32
Hormonal IUDs - how it prevents pregnancy
Releases hormones to prevent ovulation Thickens cervical mucus
33
Hormonal IUDs - how to use it
inserted by healthcare provider; Mirena = 8 years Kyleena = 5 years Skyla = 3 years
34
Hormonal IUDs - impact on menstrual cycle
may lighten periods or eliminate them
35
Hormonal IUDs - other important things to know
(1) Cramping or irregular bleeding initially (2) PID at insertion (3) risk for ectopic pregnancy
36
Paragard IUD (Copper) - how it prevents pregnancy
Copper is toxic to sperm
37
Paragard IUD (Copper) - how to use it
Inserted into uterus Lasts up to 12 years
38
Paragard IUD (Copper) - impact on menstrual cycle
can cause heavier periods more cramping
39
Paragard IUD (Copper) - other imp things to know
may be used as emergency contraception if inserted w/in 5 days after unprotected sex
40
Diaphragm - how it prevents pregnancy
barrier that covers the cervix to block the sperm
41
Diaphragm - how to use
Insert with spermicide before intercourse; leave in for 6-8 hours after
42
Diaphragm - other imp things ot know
(1) Requires fitting by healthcare provider (2) Use with spermicide
43
Cervical cap - how it prevents pregnancy
blocks sperm from entering uterus
44
Cervical cap - how to use
Insert with spermicide before intercourse; can be left in for up to 48 hours after
45
Cervical cap - other imp things to know
(1) Requires fitting by a healthcare provider (2) needs to be used with spermicide
46
Sponge - how it prevents pregnancy
Kills sperm to prevent fertilization
47
Spermicide - how to use it
Place in vagina before intercourse; can be used alone or with barrier methods
48
Spermicide - other imp things to know
Available in various forms (gels, foams, films)
49
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how it prevents pregnancy
maintains vaginal pH to prevent sperm from moving and fertilizing egg
50
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how to use
apply before intercourse; can be used up to 1 hr prior
51
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - other imp things to know
must be used at same time of intercourse; does not protect against STIs
52
Condoms - how it prevents pregnancy
creates a barrier
53
Condoms - how to use
Roll condom over erect penis before genital contact Use a new condom for each act of intercourse
54
Condoms - impacts on menstrual cycle
NA
55
Condoms - other imp things to know
Helps protect against STIs Check expiration date!
56
Abstinence - how it prevents pregnancy
involves refraining from sexual activity that can lead to pregnancy
57
Abstinence - how to use
No sexual intercourse or genital contact
58
Abstinence - impact on menstrual cycle
No direct impact
59
Abstinence - other imp things ot know
100% effective in preventing pregnancy and STIs
60
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how it prevents pregnancy
Track menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile days; avoid intercourse during fertile times
61
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how to use
Monitor basal body temp, cervical mucus, and menstrual cycle length to predict ovulation
62
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - impact on menstrual cycle
Helps individual understand their cycle; no alteration
63
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - other imp things to know
Requires careful tracking and consistency; effectiveness varies by adherence and individual cycles
64
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how it prevents pregnancy
relies on exclusive breastfeeding to suppress ovulation and prevent pregnancy
65
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how to use
breastfeed exclusively (no formula or solid foods) for at least 6 months postpartum
66
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - impact on menstrual cycle
delays return of menstruation
67
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - other imp things to know
(1) effective for up to 6 months postpartum as long as breastfeeding EXCLUSIVELY (2) not a guarantee against pregnancy once menstruation returns (3) varies by individual
68
Plan B & Ella - how they prevent pregnancy
Plan B: preventing / delaying ovulation Ella: preventing / delaying ovulation, but works even closer to time of ovulation
69
Plan B & Ella - side effects
nausea, fatigue, headache, changes / irregular menstrual cycle
70
Which emergency contraception method has more persistent side effects?
Ella
71
Which emergency contraception is available OTC?
Plan B
72
Which emergency contraception method requires a prescription?
Ella
73
Emergency contraception has an ____ reduction in pregnancy
~89%
74
Both permanent birth control methods have a _____ effectiveness rate
99%
75
Permanent methods of birth control are not suitable for who?
Individuals who may want to have children in the future
76
Use of _____ can decrease bone density if used for 2+ years
Depo Provera Shot
77
_____ is more effective emergency contraception for higher-weight individuals.
Ella
78
Emergency contraception is most effective when taken within ___ hours but can still be used up to ___ hours after intercourse
72; 120

5032 - OB/Peds (30 decks)

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