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Principles 2 > Exam 1 (CV Monitoring) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (CV Monitoring) Flashcards

1
Q
  • In a normal 12 Lead EKG, which leads have inverted T-waves?
A

Leads aVR & V1

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2
Q
  • What lead do you look at for a RBBB?
A
  • V1.
  • If QRS goes up → RBBB
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3
Q
  • What lead do you look at for a LBBB?
A
  • V1
  • If QRS goes down → LBBB
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4
Q
  • What constitutes right atrial hypertrophy?
A

Initial part of P wave is larger in V1 or >2.5mm in any limb lead

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5
Q
  • What constitutes left atrial enlargement?
A
  • Biphasic wave in V1 or
  • Camel hump in lead II
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6
Q
  • How do you determine RV hypertrophy on a 12-Lead?
A

The QRS in V1 is positive & R wave gets smaller

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7
Q
  • How do you determine LV hypertrophy?
A
  • Large S wave in V1,
  • Larger R wave in V5
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8
Q
  • What is an easy way to determine myocardial ischemia on an EKG?
A

Inverted symmetrical T-wave

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9
Q
  • Which PPM uses less energy?
A

Bipolar

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10
Q
  • What are the function codes for PPM’s?
A
  • I: chambers paced
  • II: chambers sensed
  • III: Response to sensing
  • IV: Rate modulation
  • V: Multisite pacing
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11
Q
  • What does T, O, R & I stand for with PPM’s?
A
  • T= Triggered
  • O=None
  • R= Rate modulation
  • I=Inhibited
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12
Q
  • Triggered is only used, when?
A

For testing devices

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13
Q
  • What is multisite pacing good for?
A

A-fib & dilated cardiomyopathy

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14
Q
  • Bi-V pacing has leads where & who gets it?
A
  • Right atrium & both ventricles.
  • For very sick Pts
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15
Q
  • What are the requirements for Bi-V PPM?
A
  • EF 30-35%
  • IVCD
  • Hx of cardiac arrest
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16
Q
  • Which cautery causes more interference with PPM’s?
A

Monopolar

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17
Q
  • What do AICD’s measure?
A
  • R-R interval
  • QRS width
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18
Q
  • The CVP’s a wave, is what?
A

Atrial contraction

19
Q
  • The CVP’s c wave, is what & what does it follow?
A
  • Tricuspid valve bulging towards atrium.
  • Follows the R wave
20
Q
  • The CVP’s X descent, is what?
A

Decreasing atrial pressure

21
Q
  • The CVP’s V wave, is what?
A
  • Venous filling of atria.
  • Peaks after T wave.
  • Tricuspid valve is closed
22
Q
  • The CVP’s Y descent, is what?
A

Tricuspid valve opens

23
Q
  • What happens to the CVP waveform in Tricuspid regurgitation?
A

No X-descent

24
Q
  • What happens to the CVP waveform in Tricuspid stenosis?
A
  • Tall A wave &
  • No Y descent
25
Q
  • Which PAC lumen fills the balloon?
A

3rd lumen

26
Q
  • Which PAC lumen houses the temp thermistor?
A

4th lumen

27
Q
  • What are the PAC distances for RA, RV, Pulm art & wedge?
A
  • RA: 20-25cm
  • RV: 30-35cm
  • Pulm art: 40-45cm
  • Wedge: 45-55cm
28
Q
  • What are the treatments for PAC rupture?
A
  • PEEP
  • oxygenation
  • Reverse anticoagulation unless on bypass
29
Q
  • What happens to the PAC waveform with MR?
A
  • Tall V wave
  • C & V waves fuse
  • No X descent
30
Q
  • What happens to the PAC waveform with MS?
A
  • Slurred
  • early Y descent
  • Absent A wave
31
Q
  • What happens to the PAC waveform with an acute LV infarct?
A
  • Tall A waves.
  • PAWP increases
32
Q
  • What is the equation for SvO2?
A

SvO₂= SaO₂ – (VO₂ / Q x 1.34 x Hgb)

33
Q
  • What are the normal ranges for SV, SVR, PVR & SvO2?
A
  • SV: 60 – 90
  • SVR: 800 – 1600
  • PVR: 40 – 180
  • SvO₂: 70-80
34
Q
  • A change of ____ is significant in bolus thermodilution?
A

10%

35
Q
  • What does thermodilution measure?
A

The right heart & assumes left heart

36
Q
  • What is M mode on an Echo?
A
  • Narrow beams to measure tissue planes.
  • Ex: Ventricular mass
37
Q
  • What is 2-D mode on an Echo?
A
  • Real time motion
  • shows function
38
Q
  • What are the windows for TTE’s?
A
  • Parasternal: 3-5 ICS.
  • Apical: @PMI
  • Subcostal: Just below xiphoid
39
Q
  • What TTE view is great overall?
A

Parasternal Long axis

40
Q
  • What TTE view is good for LV function & volume assessment?
A

Parasternal short axis

41
Q
  • What TTE view is good for TV & MV function?
A

Apical four chamber

42
Q
  • What TTE view is good to determine a pericardial effusion?
A

Subcostal four chamber

43
Q
  • What TTE view is good to determine IVC collapsibility?
A

Subcostal IVC

44
Q
  • What type of Echo is better to determine valve function?
A

TEE

Principles 2 (10 decks)

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