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Principles 2 > Exam 1 CXR > Flashcards

Exam 1 CXR Flashcards

1
Q

An overexposed CXR will be ____ in nature & ____ can be seen very well?

A
  • Too dark
  • Bones
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2
Q

An underexposed CXR will be ____ in nature & the ___ ___ can be seen very well?

A
  • Too white
  • small pulmonary structures
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3
Q

Obese patients will create what kind of CXR exposure?

A

Underexposure

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4
Q

In which view will the heart appear larger?

A

AP (anterior to posterior) view

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5
Q

At what rough landmark will the diaphragm appear on a CXR?

A

T8- T10

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6
Q

What is the system to look at a CXR from least to most importance?

A
  • Abdomen
  • Thorax
  • Mediastinum
  • Individual lung
  • Bilateral lung
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7
Q

What is an easy way to see if the Pt is rotated on a CXR?

A

Look at the trachea and/or cervical spine

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8
Q

Anterior ribs will be slanted ___ & posterior ribs will be slanted ___ on a CXR?

A
  • Down
  • up
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9
Q

The heart is about ___ the size of the chest?

A

1/3

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10
Q

Which side of the diaphragm tends to be higher?

A

The right side

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11
Q

Normal air under the diaphragm tends to be ___?

A

Unilateral

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12
Q

A lateral CXR view is better to assess which lobes?

A

The right lobes

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13
Q

What area does the RUL cover?

A

Upper 1/3 of the right lung

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14
Q

The RUL extends to the first ___ posterior ribs & to the ___ of the anterior ribs?

A
  • 3-5
  • 4th
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15
Q

The RML has what kind of shape on a lateral CXR?

A

A triangle shape

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16
Q

Where is the RML the narrowest?

A

Near the Hilum

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17
Q

The RLL extends anteriorly to ____ & posteriorly to ____?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • 6th thoracic vertebrae
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18
Q

What separates the RUL & RML?

A

The Minor Fissure (Horizontal fissure)

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19
Q

What separates the right 3 lobes?

A

The Major Fissure (Oblique fissure)

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20
Q

What separates the 2 left lobes?

A

The Major Fissure (Oblique fissure)

21
Q

Where is the restrosternal space?

A

In front of the heart/aortic arch

22
Q

What is the silhoutette sign?

A

It is the loss of an outline of a particular structure

23
Q

Why do we see the trachea & proximal bronchi but not the lung bronchi?

A
  • The trachea & proximal bronchi are surrounded by soft tissue density.
  • The lung bronchi are surrounded by air density.
24
Q

What is an air bronchogram sign?

A
  • Visualization of air in the intrapulmonary bronchi.
  • It indicates an abnormal CXR because sift tissue is surrounding the bronchi.
25
Q

A normal heart will have ___ of its size to the right of the sternum & ___ of its size on the left side of the sternum?

A
  • 1/3
  • 2/3
26
Q

What are the examples of localized liquid densities?

A
  • Infiltrates
  • Consolidation
  • Cavitation (Lesions)
  • Mass
  • Congestion
  • Atelectasis
27
Q

What are examples of generalized liquid densities?

A
  • Diffuse alveolar
  • Diffuse interstitial
  • Mixed, Vascular
28
Q

What are examples of increased air densities?

A
  • Localized airway obstruction
  • Diffuse airway obstruction
  • Emphysema
  • Bulla
29
Q

What is lobar consolidation?

A

Alveolar space filled with inflammatory exudate

30
Q

What are examples of lobar consolidation?

A
  • Secretions
  • sinusitis
  • Pneumonia (most common)
31
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Loss of air (no ventilation of the area)

32
Q

What are the stages of evaluating an abnormality?

A
  • Identification of abnormal shadows.
  • Localization of lesion.
  • Identification of pathological process.
  • Identification of etiology.
  • Confirmation of clinical suspension
33
Q

Which diaphragm side is more common to have free air under it?

A

The right side

34
Q

What is the Ghon Complex & what does it present?

A

Indicative of TB & looks like calcified nodules

35
Q

Lung masses will appear as what kind of structures?

A

Round shapes & usually calcified

36
Q

What will be seen on a Pneumomediastinum?

A
  • Air in the mediastinum.
  • Will see a thin line around the heart
37
Q

What will be seen in a Pneumothorax?

A

The outline of the particular lobe/s pressed towards the center of the chest

38
Q

What is the deep sulcus sign?

A
  • Indicator of a pneumothorax on a supine CXR.
  • The costophrenic angle will appear deep, lucent & possibly lower & sharper than usual.
39
Q

How can one tell if a coin is in the esophagus?

A
  • The face of the coin will sit flat against the C-Ring of the trachea.
  • Flat side will face anteriorly.
40
Q

How can one tell if a coin is in the trachea?

A

The flat sides of the coin will face laterally (towards the ouside).

41
Q

What is the bat wing sign?

A

Bilateral pulmonary edema/consolidations.

42
Q

What will be seen on a CXR with an aortic dissection?

A
  • A widened mediastinum
  • The heart will deviate to the Pt’s left
43
Q

What is Chilaiditi sign?

A
  • Diaphragm rupture
  • Gas or bowel will appear under the diaphragm
44
Q

What will an esophageal rupture look like on a CXR?

A

It looks like sub-Q air around the trachea

45
Q

What is Boerhaave’s sign?

A

Esophageal rupture secondary to forceful vomiting

46
Q

What does a pulmonary lesion look like on a CXR?

A

Like a circle with a calcified ring.

47
Q

What does TB look like on a CXR, where does it start & it’s location?

A
  • Like cotton.
  • Starts at Hilum
  • Tends to be bilateral
48
Q

Tumors are usually what shape?

A

Round

Principles 2 (10 decks)

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