Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles 2 > Exam 2 (Antibiotics) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Antibiotics) Flashcards

1
Q
  • What is a nosocomial infection?
A

Any infection acquired in the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • What are the two biggest sources of HAI’s?
A

Surgical site infection & HAI PNE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • What are some S/S suggesting a pre-existing infection?
A
  • Fever
  • chills
  • night sweats
  • AMS
  • productive cough
  • SOB
  • rebound tenderness
  • dysuria
  • CVA tenderness
  • suprapubic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • When do surgical site infections present?
A

Within 30 days of surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • What is involved in a deep incisional SSI?
A

Muscle and surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • What is involved in an organ or space SSI?
A

Any area other than skin and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What are the 3 most common types of bacteria?
A
  • Staphylococcus
  • streptococcus
  • pseudomonas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • What is a clean-contaminated wound?
A
  • No evidence of infection
  • do involve internal organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • What is a contaminated wound?
A

Involve internal organ with spillage of contents from the organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • What is a dirty wound type?
A

Known infection at time of surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • What are some risks for SSI?
A
  • Comorbidities
  • elderly
  • emergency or abdominal surgery
  • surgery >2hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • What is a 1A grading category of studies?
A

Strong recommended, moderate to high-quality evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • What is a 1B grading category of studies?
A

Strong recommended, low-quality evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • When are parental Abx administered?
A

With 1B grading category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • When are IV Abx not needed?
A
  • Wound irrigation,
  • Do not apply Abx ointments to incisions (1B)
  • soaking prosthetic devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Glycemic control is what kind of evidence & what is the target?
A
  • 1A
  • <200 mg/dL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Intraop iodine irrigation in deep tissue is what kind of evidence?
A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • What are some general principles for Abx prophylaxis?
A
  • Shortest possible course effective (1 dose)
  • newer Abx reserved for resistant infections
  • if everything equal then oldest and cheapest first
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • What Abx are initiated within 2hrs of incision?
A

Vancomycin & fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Which Abx is redosed after coming off bypass & which is not?
A
  • Ancef is redosed
  • Vanc is not
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Which Abx are beta lactams?
A

PCN, cephalosporins & Carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Which Abx is an Aminoglycoside?
A

Gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • How do penicillin-beta lactams work?
A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • PCN’s are the drug of choice for?
A
  • Streptococci
  • meningococci
  • pneumococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • PCN Beta lactams are usually used for what kind of infections?
A

Skin, catheter infections & URI’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • What are some adverse reactions to beta lactams?
A
  • Skin rash
  • GI upset
  • vaginal candidiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • Can cephalosporins be used on patients with a PCN allergy?
A

Yes, unless it is anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  • What is the difference between PCN & cephalosporins?
A

Cephalosporins are more stable against beta lactamases

29
Q
  • Which cephalosporin generation can cross the BBB?
A
  • Some of Gen 3
  • Gen 4 & 5
30
Q
  • Which cephalosporin generation does not work on Gram -?
A

Generation 1 (Cefazolin)

31
Q
  • Which cephalosporin is the DOC for gonorrhea?
A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

32
Q
  • Which cephalosporin are generation 2?
A
  • Cefuroxime (Zinacef)
  • Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
  • Cefotetan (Cefotan)
33
Q
  • Which cephalosporin treats resistance meningitis?
A
  • Cefotaxime (Claforan)
  • It’s Gen 3
34
Q
  • Which cephalosporin drug is generation 4 & what is it good for?
A
  • Cefepime.
  • Most resistant to hydrolysis by lactamases.
  • Good for multi-resistant organisms & crosses BBB
35
Q
  • Which Abx should not be used for Pts with bleeding issues?
A

Cephalosporins

36
Q
  • Which antibiotics can used for a Pt with a true anaphylaxis reaction to PCN?
A

Vancomycin or Clindamycin

37
Q

Which beta-lactam Abx have good activity against Gram (-) & enterobacter

A
  • Carbapenems
    Examples:
  • Ertapenem (Invanz)
  • Meropenem (Merrem)
  • Imipenem (Primaxin)
38
Q
  • What are carbapenem ABX used for?
A
  • Intra-abdominal
  • Resistant UTI
  • PNE
39
Q
  • What do you need to check before giving carbapenem IM?
A
  • LA allergies
  • If Pt is on Depakote
40
Q
  • When does Vancomycin work?
A

Only if bacteria is actively dividing

41
Q
  • Vancomycin is most valuable in treating?
A
  • Bloodstream infections
  • Endocarditis caused by MRSA
42
Q
  • How do aminoglycosides work?
A

Inhibit ribosomal proteins and cause mRNA to misread

43
Q
  • Which Abx is synergistic with aminoglycosides?
A

Beta lactams or Vancomycin

44
Q
  • What are the adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
A
  • Ototoxicity
  • nephrotoxicity &
  • curare-like effect leading to longer NMBD effects
45
Q
  • Which receptors are adversely affected by Gentamycin?
A

nACHr

46
Q
  • How do fluoroquinolones work?
A

Inhibit DNA protein synthesis

47
Q
  • What are examples of fluoroquinolones?
A

Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin

48
Q
  • Which Abx is used for GU cases?
A

Levofloxacin

49
Q
  • Fluoroquinolones are excellent for?
A
  • Gram (–) organisms (UTI
  • bacterial diarrhea
  • bone/joint infections)
50
Q

Per SCIP Abx prophylaxis is there to?

A

Reduce Abx resistance

50
Q
  • What are the adverse reactions of Fluoroquinolones?
A
  • N/V/D
  • prolonged QT
  • cartilage damage
  • tendon rupture
51
Q
  • Which Abx is an anaerobic antibacterial?
A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

52
Q
  • Flagyl is indicated for?
A
  • Intra-abdominal infections
  • Vaginitis
  • C-diff
  • superinfections
53
Q
  • What are the adverse reactions of Metronidazole?
A
  • Nausea
  • peripheral neuropathy (w/ prolonged use)
  • disulfiram-like effect
54
Q
  • Which Abx should a patient not drink alcohol with?
A

Flagyl

55
Q
  • Which surgeries require the use of 2 Abx & what is the 2nd Abx?
A
  • Small intestine obstruction
  • Colorectal & clean-contaminated head & neck surgeries including cancer.
  • 2nd Abx is Flagyl
56
Q
  • How is Ancef dosed in adults?
A

By weight:
- If < 80kg= 1g
- If 81-119kg= 2g
- If > 120kg= 3g

57
Q
  • What is the usual adult dose for Vancomycin?
A

15 mg/kg

58
Q
  • What is the goal of SCIP?
A

Decrease morbidity & mortality rate of SSI

59
Q
  • What is the SCIP protocol for foleys?
A

Removed on or before POD 2 unless reason document to extend

60
Q
  • What SCIP measures for SCD’s?
A
  • Place on Pt if surgery >1hr
  • Appropriate post-op orders & given by RN within 24hrs after surgery
61
Q
  • What 1st temp must a patient have in PACU?
A

36℃ within 15mins after leaving OR

62
Q

When are Abx D/c’ed in SCIP?

A
  • Within 24hrs
  • Within 48hrs for cardiovascular surgeries
63
Q

Which Abx affect the neuromuscular junction?

A

Aminoglycosides

64
Q

Who is at an increased risk for SSI?

A
  • Diabetics
  • Cancer Pts
65
Q

Which bacteria is most likely to cause a HAI?

A

C-diff

66
Q

What are some signs of an acute infection?

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Leukocytosis
67
Q
A

Principles 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions