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Pharmacology > Exam 1 drug worksheets 1-7 > Flashcards

Exam 1 drug worksheets 1-7 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

peripheral acting muscle relaxant prototype

A

dantrolene

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2
Q

central acting muscle relaxant prototype

A

baclofen

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3
Q

other muscle relaxants

A

cyclobenzaprine- central acting

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4
Q

MOA of peripheral acting muscle relaxants

A

affect skeletal muscle tissue
stop releasing calcium

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5
Q

MOA of central acting muscle relxants

A

stop effects of GABA in spinal cord causing muscle reflexes to stop

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6
Q

therapeutic use of muscle relaxants

A

help relax skeletal muscles
treat muscle spasms due to stroke, spinal cord injury
Multiple sclerosis
cerebral palsy
malignant hyperthermia

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7
Q

adverse drug reactions of muscle relaxants

A

urinary retention
N/V
hepatic toxicity
constipation

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8
Q

nursing interventions for muscle relaxants

A

take with meals, give anti-emetic 15-30 min before
monitor liver labs, S&S of toxicity
monitor I&Os
high-fiber, increase fluids

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9
Q

normal liver labs

A

ALT: 4-36
AST: 0-35
ALP: 30-120

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10
Q

admin of muscle relaxants

A

IV push- give slowly
do not abruptly stop
avoid other CNS depressants
start at low dose
Take with food

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11
Q

contraindications of muscle relaxants

A

avoid other CNS depressants- alcohol, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety, seizure meds, opioids
avoid MAOIs
use cautiously with older adults, children, patients with severe mental illness/seizures/ hx of stroke

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12
Q

nursing considerations for muscle relaxants

A

monitor liver function labs
monitor liver/ Abd assess, N/V/D, abdominal pain, jaundice
monitor urine output
monitor CNS- drowsy, signs of seizure, respiratory depression
monitor muscle function
monitor for dependence

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13
Q

education for muscle relaxants

A

avoid driving or activities that require mental alertness
avoid alcohol
inform provider if muscle weakness occurs, S/S of liver damage
take with meals or milk to avoid GI irritation

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines prototype

A

diazepam

lams & pams

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15
Q

Other names for benzodiazepines

A

lorazepam
midazolam
alprazolam

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16
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

CNS depressant

enhances GABA’s inhibitory effects

slowing down effects

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17
Q

therapeutic use of benzodiazepines

A

anxiety
skeletal muscle spasms
seizures
emergency treatment for status epilepticus
alcohol withdrawal
moderate sedations

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18
Q

adverse drug reactions of benzodiazepines

A

respiratory depression
CNS depression
acute toxicity or overdose
paradoxical response
dependence

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19
Q

interventions of benzodiazepines

A

monitor VS, have resuscitation equipment available, IVP slowly, notify provider
small doses
taper

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20
Q

antidote for benzodiazpines

A

flumazenil

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21
Q

nursing admin of benzodiazpine

A

alprazolam only available in oral
take with food if have GI irritability

diazepam- oral, rectal, IM, IV: IM & IV only for emergencies

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22
Q

contraindications of benzodiazpines

A

use cautiously with older adults, children, patients with renal/hepatic impairment, chronic resp disorders, prone to addiction
controlled substance
contraindicated for pregnant/ breast feeding
avoid over CNS depressants, cimetidine, smoking, herbal supplements kava-kava, chamomile, valerian

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23
Q

nursing considerations for benzodiazpines

A

monitor VS
monitor resp status
monitor for signs of dependency

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24
Q

education for benzodiazpines

A

use care when ambulating, driving, or activities that require mental alertness
avoid alcohol
notify provider of paradoxical effects
take as prescribed

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25
prototype for NSAIDs
aspirin ibuprofen
26
other types of NSAIDs
naporxen indomethacin ketorolac meloxicam diclofenac
27
MOA of NSAIDs
stops COX from bein released
28
therapeutic use of NSAIDs
mild-moderate pain reduce fever reduce inflammation
29
other therapeutic use of aspirin
stops aggregation thins blood
30
adverse reactions of NSAIDs
increase risk of heart attack/stroke- not aspirin impaired kidney function GI discomfort Salicylism- aspirin only Reye's syndrome- aspirin only
31
Interventions for NSAIDs
use smallest dose for patients with heart disease monitor kidney function- BUN, Creatinine take with food, monitor of signs of bleeding, give PPI discontinue if salicylism don't give to patients under 18 especially if viral infection
32
admin of NSAIDs
no crushing or chewing enteric coated or sustained release stop taking aspirin 1 week before schedule surgery take with food
33
contraindication of NSAIDs
peptic ulcer disease bleeding disorders kidney disease kids, pregnant, older people with HF, alcoholics aspirin + other anticoagulants, ACE, ARBS
34
nursing considerations for NSAIDs
monitor kidney function monitor for signs of bleeding monitor temp/pain
35
education for NSAIDs
take with food, milk avoid alcohol report gastric irritation or GI bleeding don't give aspirin to children importance of taking daily aspirin if rx for MI/stroke prevention signs of aspirin toxicity
36
other names for acetaminophen
none
37
Prototype of acetaminophen
acetaminophen
38
MOA of acetaminophen
similar to NSAIDs not anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant
39
therapeutic use of acetaminophen
relieves mild-moderate pain reduces fever
40
side effects of acetaminophen
liver toxicity overdose
41
interventions for acetaminophen
don't exceed recommended dose monitor for signs of liver toxicity
42
antidote for acetaminophen
acetylcysteine
43
admin of acetaminophen
can be given orally, rectally, IV adults and children over 12- max dose of 4g/day children based on weight
44
contraindications of acetaminophen
ETOH abuse liver disease anemia renal disease drugs: warfarin, cholestyramine
45
nursing considerations of acetaminophen
monitor signs of liver toxicity monitor pain, fever
46
education for acetaminophen
no alcohol use take recommended dose
47
what is prototype of opioid agonists
morphine
48
other names of opioid agonists
oxycodone
49
MOA of opioid agonists
our bodies already have naturally occurring opioids cause analgesia, sedation, euphoria, and resp depressing
50
therapeutic use of opioid agonists
relief of moderate-severe pain sedation decrease bowel motility cough suppression
51
Side effects of opioid agonists
respiratory depression, sedation orthostatic hypotension N/V constipation urinary retention dependency, tolerance
52
interventions for opioid agonists
closely monitor VS RR- hold if less than 12/min change positions slowly admin anti-emetic give PO with food monitor bowels increase fiber admin stool softeners monitor I&O encourage to urinate every 4 hrs admin lowest dose
53
admin opioid agonists
obtain baseline vitals befor admin can give PO, IM, IV, SUBQ, rectally, epidurally don't crush, chew enteric coated/SR/ER giving IV push- dilute, give slowly over 4-5 min resuscitation equipment and antidote near by check pump settings controlled substance cancer pain given on a fixed, around-the-clock schedule
54
antidote for opioid agonists
naloxone
55
contraindications of opioid agonists
renal failure increased intracranial pressure biliary surgery preterm labor pregnant/breast feeding children those with hypotension
56
nursing considerations for opioid agonists
monitor pain level monitor RR GI/GU assessment
57
education for opioid agonists
increase fiber no hazardous activity change positions slowly
58
prototype for serotonin antagonists antiemetics
ondansetron
59
therapeutic use for antiemetics
treat nausea and vomiting antihistamines- also help relieve vertigo
60
MOA of antiemetic
serotonin receptors are blocked, affecting vagal nerve
61
adverse drug reactions of antiemetics
torsade de pointes; prolonged QT interval serotonin syndrome Stevens Johnson syndrome headache dizziness constipation, diarrhea
62
interventions for torsade de pointes, prolonged QT interval in antiemetics
hold monitor EKG if on long term or hx of cardiac issues
63
admin of antiemetics
can be given PO or IV make sure you give enough time for med to work
64
contraindications of antiemetics
phenylketonuria hx of QT syndrome use carefully with hepatic disease/ recent abd surgery use carefully in pregnant/lactation, children under 3 SSRIs SNRIs tricyclic antidepressants MAOIs fentanyl lithium buspirone tramadol methylene blue triptans
65
nursing considerations of antiemetics
monitor EKG, GI, I&O
66
education for antiemetics
take before eating take PRN explain difference between sublingual vs buccal vs PO
67
prototype of laxatives
docusate sodium- stool softener, surfactant laxative
68
other names for laxatives
psyllium- bulk forming magnesium citrate polyethylene glycol
69
MOA of laxatives
increases absorption of water into stool
70
therapeutic use of laxatives
soften stool- can be paired with senna for increase power
71
adverse reactions of laxatives
diarrhea abdominal cramping rashes
72
interventions for laxatives
monitor GI give with water assess BM
73
admin for laxatives
stop taking if diarrhea occurs drink plenty of fluids increase fiver, water, walking, high fiber foods
74
contraindications for laxatives
GI obstruction GI perforation fecal impaction N/V don't give with other laxatives

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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