Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
WHat drug would you use to tx Feline lower urinary tract Dz
A
Prazosin
2
Q
WHat are the 3 amides
A
- lidocaine
- bupivacaine
- mepivacaine
3
Q
What is the MOA of amantadine
A
analgesic effects are through NMDA receptor antagonism
4
Q
List some precautions of Selective Beta 2 agonists
A
Tachycardia
Uterine relaxation
5
Q
What is the MOA of Nor Epi
A
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
6
Q
What are the precautions of phenoxybenzamine
A
excessive alpha blockage leading to hypotension and reflex tachycardia
7
Q
MOA of Oxybutynin and propantheline
A
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
8
Q
What is the most important toxicity associated with acetaminophen
A
Methemoglobinemia
9
Q
Who has a longer half life amides or esters
A
Amides 2-6hrs
10
Q
What is the MOA of reserpine
A
Blocks NE uptake into vesicles wich reduces storate of NE and leads to mediator depletion
11
Q
What is the MOA of gabapentin
A
Altering calcium influx in neuronal cells
12
Q
What are the 2 categories of local anesthetics
A
amides and esters
13
Q
which of the local anestetics is the most cardiotoxic
A
bupivicaine
14
Q
list the contraindication s of atropine
A
glaucoma
tachycardia
hypothermic brady cardic
gi dz
15
Q
selective b2 agonist, used in Sm An Med, that comes in tab, or inj
A
Terbutaline
16
Q
What is the MOA of Epinephrine
A
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
competitive agonism at all A and B adrenergic receptors
17
Q
Swine antipyretic for swine respiratory DZ
A
Flunixin meglumine
18
Q
What is the moa of phenylephrine
A
Direct acting alpha 1 selective agonist
19
Q
What is the MOA of dobutamine
A
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
synthetic beta 1 agonist
20
Q
T/F you don’t give Naproxin or phenylbutazone to cats
A
T
21
Q
post-arrest vasopressor of choice
A
Dopamine
22
Q
Generally used to tx tachyarrhythmias
A
Propranolol
23
Q
What is the MOA of phenylbutazone
A
Non-selective COX inhibitor
24
Q
A less common adjunctive analgesic in small animals
A
Amantadine
25
Why give estrogen with phenylproanolamine
Up reg. alpha 1 receptors
26
Precautions of NE
Cardiac arrhythmia
27
What is the MOA of Acetaminophen
interferes wiht conversion of endoperoxidases to other PGs and TX
28
what is the primary use for selective Beta 2 agonists
Bronchodilators in tx of lower airway dz
29
Precautions for bethanechol
SLUDD
30
What is the MOA of Flunixin MEglumine
Non-Selective COX inhibitor
31
most potent vasopressor
NE
32
Part of symptomatic tx plan for dysautonomia
Bethanechol
33
Can propantheine cross the bbb
no
34
Catecholamine: Potent non specific beta agonist
Isoproterenol
35
contraindications of phenylephrine
Renal and GI vasoconstriction may be undesirable,
| no beta 2 effects so vasoconstriction may be severe
36
Does glycopyrrolate cross the BBB
No
37
What is the MOA of Prazosin
sympatholytic alpha 1 receptor agonist
38
Drug used to control neuropathic pain
Gabapentin (most common)
| amantadine (less common)
39
GI or urinary antispasmodic causing relaxation of the detrussor m.
Oxybutynin and propantheline
40
Contraindications of pyridostigmine
SLUDD
41
Local analgesics have effects on which parts of the nociception pathway?
modulation
transduction
transmission
42
Low dose dopamine
Dopamine agonist
43
What drug binds irreversibly to its receptors
Phenoxybenzamine
44
Treats rumen atony
Neostimine
45
What is the MOA of propranolol
Non- selective/ non specific beta antagonist
46
Treatment of musculoskeletal pain in horses
Phenylbutazone
47
What is the MOA of pyridostigmine
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Ach-ase antagonist
48
drug that dec. SA node firing causing bradycardia and dec. AV conduction causing a dec. in CO
Propranolol
49
What class is grapiprant in?
Piprants
50
The main activity of NE is though ____ agonism mostly
A1
51
Used in sm an med to tx urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicit
Prazosin
52
Analgesic for visceral pain in cattle
Flunixin MEglumine
53
T/F cats are extremely sensitive to acetaminiphen
T
54
may cause reflex bradycardia
phenylephrine
55
Used for maintenance fo MG
Pyridostigmine
56
hat is the MOA of phenoxybenzamine
Non-specific alpha antagonist
57
ultra short acting beta 1 antagonisst
Esmolol
58
Tx of bradyarrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and reduces resp and GI secretions
Atropine
59
Used in CRI to maintain blood pressure under anesthesia
Ephedrine
60
T/F Epi is a positive ionotrope
T
61
MOA of ISoproterenol
Direct Acting Catecholamine sympathomimetic
62
TOC of detrusor m. atony
Bethanechol
63
Beta 1
Myocardium and adipose
inc. HR
inc. Contractility
INC renin and BP
64
T/F Flunixin MEguline cannot be given IM in horses
T
65
MOA of Glycopyrrolate
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
66
WHich is more specific for alpha 1 blockage phenoxybenzamine or prazosin
Prazosin
67
who has a quicker onset of action lidocaine or bupivicaine
bupivicaine
68
What are the 3 reversible anticholinesterases
1. Neostigmine
2. Pyridostigmine
3. Edrophonium
69
can oxybutynin cross the bBB
yes
70
drug used in cardiopulmonary arest as well as anaphylaxis
Epi
71
Tx o fanesthesia associated hypotesion where ionotropic support is indicated to maintain cardiac output and tissue perfusion
Dobutamine
72
Perfered local anesthetic for infusion through thoracocostomy tubes or wound soaker catheters
Bupivicaine
73
NSAIDS target which parts of the nociception pathway
Transduction and Modulation
74
Reversal agent of choice for reversal of Competitive NMB
Neostigine
75
Tx of hypotension due to inadequate vascular tone
Dopamine
76
What is the MOA of Atenolol and Esmolol
Sympathetolytic beta 1 receptor antagonist
77
What are the benefits of systemic admin of lidocaine
```
Antiarrhythmic
preanestesia
analgesic and anti inflam properties
antioxident properties
stim. intestinal motility
```
78
vasopressor support
dopamine
79
Analgesic for colic and endotoxemia in horsed
Flunixin Meglumine
80
Comparative duration of action of local analgesics from shortest to longest
Lidocaine < Mepivicaine < Bupivicaine
81
What is the Selective COX 1 inhibitor
Asparin
82
MOA of Edrophonium
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Ach-ase antagonist
83
What are some precautions of phenylproanolamine
urinary retention
tachycardia
hypertension
84
where are esters metabolised
hydrolized by plasma esterases
85
drug with cardiac stimulatory effects and bronchodilation
Isoproterenol
86
reduces cholinergic adverse effects of imidocarb in horses
Glycopyrrolate
87
Medium dopamine
Beta 1 agonist, positive inotrope and chronotrope
88
In what spp is Phenylbutazone commonly used?
horse
89
D2 receptors
n. terminals
glomeruli
adrenal cortex
indirect vasodilation
90
Acts by directly stimulating detrusor m. contraction
Bethanechol
91
What are the 2 Non-selective COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors
1. Phenylbutazone
| 2. Flunixin meglumine
92
What is the MOA of Bethanechol
Direct acting parasympathomimetic
muscarinic receptor agonist
93
Used for diagnostic nerve blocks in horses and for epidurals
Mepivicaine
94
COX 2 inhibitor that comes in an oral paste for horses
Firocoxib
95
used in dogs and cats to tx hypotension
phenylephrine
96
Alpha 1 receptor
vasoconstriction
inc. bp
sphincter contracton
97
What are the 4 direct acting parasympatholytics
Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
oxybutynin
propntheline
98
Drug used for canine and feline compulsive disorders, and birds to tx feather picking
Clomipramine
99
T/F you can give the human oral solution of gabapentin to dogs
F contains xylitol
100
Which has a longer half life propranolol or atenolol
atenolol
101
T/F Acetaminophen inhibits COX 1
F. nothing to do with cox
102
which drug is contraindicated with left atrial rupture
Dobutamine
103
Tensilon test
Edrophonium
104
Increases peripheral vascular resistance through systemic vasoconstriction
Phenylephrine
105
list some precautions of Epi
massive SNS output
| inc myocardial workload
106
```
which NSAid has the longest half life in the dog
naproxin
melocxicam
salicylate
phenylbutaxone
robenacoxib
```
naproxin
107
drug used to tx canine cognitive dysfunction and canine hyperadrenocorticism (cushings dz)
MAOIs
108
What is the onset and duration of Proparacaine
onset less than 30 sec
| duration is 10 min
109
What is the MOA of reversible anticholinesterases
Competitive angagonism of acetylcholinesterase
110
Tx of Ach-ase inhibitor toxicity and cholinergic crisis
Atropine
111
High dose
Alpha 1 agonist, vasoconstriction
112
What is the MOA of Phenylproanolamine
(proin)
mixed Sympathomimetic
D: A1 agonist
I: Inc. NE in bladder and urethra
113
How long should you wait when switching from NSAID to corticosteroids
1-2 weeks
114
increases wt gaing in food animals
ractopamine and zilpaterol
115
Drug for tx of hypotension due to inadequate vascular tone
NE
116
Local anesthetic that comes in an ophthalmic solution
Proparacaine
117
What is the MOA of Ephedrine
Mixed Sympathomimetic
D: alpha 1 and beta 1 and some 2 agonism
I: inc NE release
118
D1 receptors
smooth m. of blood vessels
direct vasodilation
natriuresis
119
What is the MOA of Dopamine
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
acts on dopamine receptors with dose dependent effects on A and B
120
What is the main precaution of Phenylbutazone?
can mask lameness
121
List the Selective beta 2 agonists from most to least selective
albuterol> Terbutaline> Clenbuterol
122
What is the MOA of Neostigmine
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic acetylcholinesterase antagonist
123
Contraindications of Bethanechol
Urethral and GI obstruction
124
How is acetaminophen metabolized
Hepatic
125
give to hypersalivating animals
glycopyrrolate
126
What two spp are more sensitive to lidocaine
Cats and sheep
127
What is the use of local admin of lidocaine
regional and epidural anesthesia
128
dug often used in inhalers
Albuterol
129
______ is approved for single inj use in cats post OVH
Meloxicam
130
Approved for use in dogs for tx of osteoarthritis
meloxicam
131
precautions of Neostigmine
SLUDD signs
132
What is the MOA of Grapiprant
PGE2 EP4 receptor antagonist
133
What is the 1 ester
Proparacaine
134
```
Which NSAID has the longest half life in the cat
naproxin
meloxicam
salicylate
phenylbutaxone
robenacoxib
```
salicylate
135
T/F phenylbutazone is commonly used to tx musculoskeletal pain in dairy cattle
F banned
136
Why would you choos atenolol over propranolol
lack of beta 2 effects so greater safety and less side effects
137
WHat drug do you give prior to phenochromocytoma sx
phenoxybenzamine
138
MOA of atropine
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
139
Lidocaine onset and duration of action
onset=5 min
| dur= 40-60 min
140
Precautions of Edrophonium
SLUDD
141
What drug would you use to calm a horse
Reserpine
142
Drug used in dogs to treat urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter hypotonus/incompetence
Phenylproanolamine
143
T/F you can give phenylbutazone either IM or SQ to horses
F. neither
144
Drug used in Sm. An. med. to treat urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicity by relaxing the internal sphincter
Phenoxybenzamine
145
increases GI motility, may aid in the treatment of some types of ileus such as seen with EGUS
Bethanechol
146
Drug that readily crosses the BBB and has a significan first pass effect
PRopranolol
147
slower onset of action but longer duration that atropine
Glycopyrrolate
148
How is gabapentin excreted
renal
149
Drug given in septic shoc
NE
150
What are the precautions of gabapentin
May cause sedation and ataxia
151
Neural sterroid used in dogs, cats, and horses
Gabapentin
152
Non-anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
Acetaminophen
153
Uncommon Selective b2 agonist that is a vasodilator and uterine relaxant that is contraindicated in food animals
Clenbuterol
154
What are the 6 Selective COX-2 Inhibitor NSAIDs
1. carprofen
2. deracoxib
3. Robenacoxib
4. Firocoxib
5. Meloxicam
6 Piroxicam
155
Drug used for the control of pain and inflam. associated with osteoarthritis in dogs
Grapiprant
156
Catecholamine use with anesthetics to produce regional vasoconstriction
Epi
157
What are the 3 selective beta 2 agonists
1. albuterol
2. clenbuterol
3. terbutaline
158
Alpha 2
endocrine organs
dec. insulin
dec. renin
dec. NE release
dec. Pancreatic secretion
159
Contraindications of Neostigmne
Peritonitis
GI obstruction
UT obstruction
Abortion
160
Anti hyperalgesic drug
Gabapentin
161
Does Atropine cross the BB
Yes
162
what spp cannot have atropne
rabbits
163
what is the moa of Ractopamine and zilpaterol
non selective agonism of b1 2 and 3
164
Antiviral drug with NMDA receptor antagonist properties
Amantadine
165
Where are amides metabolized
Liver
