Exam 1: Sources of Drugs and Routes of Administration

Question 1

List 4 ways drugs are classified based on physical state.

Answer 1

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Semisolid
4. Gases or Vapors

Question 2

What are the 3 general categories of drug sources

Answer 2

1. Natural
2. Semisynthetic
3. Synthetic

Question 3

List some active compounds in plants

Answer 3

1. alkaloids
2. Glycosides
3. Resins
4. Gums
5. Tannins
6. Fixed oils
7. Volatile oils

Question 4

Basic nitrogenous substances that are insoluble in water.

Answer 4

Alkaloids

Question 5

How do you know a medication contains Alkaloids?

Answer 5

End with -ine

Question 6

What can precipitate alkaloids, acid or base?

Answer 6

acid

Question 7

Sugars combined with other organic structures

Answer 7

Glycosides

Question 8

Substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils

Answer 8

Resins

Question 9

Polysaccharides secreted by certain trees

Answer 9

Gums

Question 10

Non-nitrogenous plant constituents that produce an astringent effect.

Answer 10

Tannins

Question 11

What are the two types of oils

Answer 11

1. Fixed oils

2. volatile oils

Question 12

Stable oils that will not evaporate when exposed to air

Answer 12

Stable oils

Question 13

Oils that will evaporate readily when exposed to air

Answer 13

Volatile oils

Question 14

List 3 examples of drugs from animals?

Answer 14

1. Blood
2. Plasma
3. Hormones

Question 15

List some drugs from fungi?

Answer 15

penicillin
streptomycin
tetracyclines
polymyxins

Question 16

List some drugs from bacteria

Answer 16

Bacitracin

Actinomycin D

Question 17

Drugs from natural sources and chemically treated

Answer 17

semisynthetic sources

Question 18

highly purified substances prepared synthetically

Answer 18

synthetic sources

Question 19

What are the 2 general routes of drug administration

Answer 19

1. local routes

2. systemic routes

Question 20

Route of drug administration that is absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 20

systemic routes

Question 21

Route of drug administration that is not absorbed into the blood stream

Answer 21

local routes

Question 22

What are the 2 routes of systemic drug administration

Answer 22

1. enteral (orally)

2. Parenteral

Question 23

What are the 7 ways of parenteral drug administration

Answer 23

1. IV
2. IM
3. SQ
4. IP
5. IO
6. TM
7. Inhalation

Question 24

What are the advantages to the enteral route of drug administration?

Answer 24

1. Convenient
2. Feeding tubes useful
3. infection site is not a concern
4. can decontaminate

Question 25

What are the disadvantages to the enteral route of drug administration?

Answer 25

1. slower onset of action 2. inactivation by gastric pH digestive enzymes, rumen microflora 3. Food or other drugs may affect absorption 4. Gi activity and integrity 5. irritant drugs may cause GI upset 6. Palatability 7. Patient compliance 8. Owner compliance

Question 26

What are some advantages of intravenous drug administration?

Answer 26

1. rapid onset 2. less irritating than inj. into tissue 3. Larger volumes can be given

Question 27

What are some disadvantages to IV drug administration

Answer 27

1. risk of complications | 2. some drugs can irritate veins

Question 28

What are some advantages to IM drug admin.?

Answer 28

1. rapidly absorbed 2. longer duration than IV 3. suspensions can be given IM

Question 29

What are some disadvantages to IM drug admin.?

Answer 29

1. Risk of tissue damage | 2. admin. site infection

Question 30

What are some advantages of Sub Q admin.?

Answer 30

1. Slow but constant absorption 2. Longer duration of action 3. Can give at home in some cases

Question 31

What are some disadvantages of Sub Q admin.?

Answer 31

1. Slow onset 2. Irritating durgs cannot be used 3. Admin. site infection possible

Question 32

What are some Advantages of Intraosseous drug admin.?

Answer 32

1. fluids flow as well as IV route 2. Rapid access for emergencies 3. CPR drugs can be given IO 4. Useful in neonates and tiny patients

Question 33

What are the Disadvantages of intraosseous drug admin.?

Answer 33

1. Short term use only 2. Some drugs cannot be given IO 3. Special equipment required 4. pain

Question 34

What are the 5 Therapeutic factors that affect route selection.

Answer 34

1. Onset of action 2. Duration of action 3. Site of action 4. Adverse reactions 5. Length of required threatment

Question 35

What are the 4 Drug factors that affect route selection.

Answer 35

1. irritating properties 2. Solubility 3. pH 4. Viscosity

Question 36

List the routes of administration based on onset of action.

Answer 36

IV or IO > Inhalation> Transmucosal> IM> SQ> Enteral

Question 37

Which active ingredient in plants are basic nitrogenous substances that end in -ine

Answer 37

Alkaloids

Question 38

What type of oils will evaporate when exposed to air?

Answer 38

volatile oils

Question 39

Which of the following route of drug administration will have the fastest onset of action? a. Intramuscular b. Inhalation c. Per os d. Transmucosal

Answer 39

b. Inhalation