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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2: Analgesics 3 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Analgesics 3 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

At lest 20 Distinct alkaloids are derived from the juice of the poppy

A

Opium

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2
Q

Group of mainly synthetic agents that act at opioid receptors to produce analgesic effcts

A

Opiod Drugs

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3
Q

Naturally occuring drugs extracted from opium

A

Opiates

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4
Q

Analgesia and stupor bordering on general anesthesia

A

Narcosis

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5
Q

Analgesia and annesic state produced by administration of a neuroleptic and narcotic

A

Neuroleptanalgesia

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6
Q

Opiods have effects on which parts of the nociception pathway

A
  1. perception
  2. Transduction
  3. Modulation
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of receptors that opiods act on?

A
  1. mu
  2. Kappa
  3. Delta
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8
Q

Where are opioid receptors located?

A

brain and SC

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9
Q

What are the endogenous ligands for Mu receptors?

A

B endrophins and endomorphins

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10
Q

What are the main effects of mu receptors?

A

Analgesia, sedation, respiratory, and GI depression

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11
Q

What is the endoenous ligand for kappa receptors?

A

Dynorphin

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12
Q

What is the main effects of kappa receptors

A

Analgesia and sedation

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13
Q

Where are mu receptors located

A

Brain, SC, joint capsules

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14
Q

What is the purpose of mu-1 receptors?

A

Supraspinal analgesia

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15
Q

What is the purpose of mu-2 receptors?

A

spinal analgesia

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16
Q

Which opioid receptor is weakly affected by opioid dugs?

A

kappa

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17
Q

Which opioid receptor causes euphoria

A

Mu

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18
Q

Which opioid receptor causes GI motility

A

Mu and kappa

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19
Q

Which opioid receptor causes CV depression

A

Delta

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20
Q

What are the 6 Full Mu agonist opioids?

A
  1. Morphine
  2. Oxymorphine
  3. Hydromorphone
  4. Methadone
  5. Fentanyl
  6. Remifentanil
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21
Q

What is the one full Mu antagonist?

A

Noloxone

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22
Q

What is the one partial Mu agonist?

A

Buprenorphine

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23
Q

What is the one mixed agonist-antagonist?

A

Butorphanol

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24
Q

What are the 2 special opioids?

A
  1. Tramadol

2. Hydrocodone

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25
Explain controlled drug scheduling
1-5 1 is the most controlled
26
What schedule of controlled drug is opioids?
2-4 2: full mu agonists 3: buprenorphine 4: tramadol
27
T/F. opioids can cross the BBB but not the placenta.
F. Can cross both
28
How are opioids metabolized and excreted?
conjugation to glucuronic acid and excreted in urine
29
how do opioids effect thermoregulation in dogs? in cats?
``` Dog= Hypothermia Cat= Hyperthermia ```
30
Opioids cause Miosis (constriction) is what spp, and Mydriasis (Dilation) in what spp?
Miosis in dogs | Mydriasis in cats
31
How do opioids effect the Respiratory system>
Dose dependent respiratory depression
32
What resp. sign can be seen in dogs at therapeutic doses?
panting
33
What are the CV effects caused by opioid use?
Minimal Brady cardia and hypotension due to vasodilation
34
GI symptoms of Opioid use
Nausea, vomiting, regurgitation salivation, ileus, Constipation
35
Hydromorphone is associated with what GI symptome
Nausea
36
T/F Methadone is highly emetogenic (induce v+)
F. less
37
Emetic of choice in dogs
Apomorphine
38
T/F Apomorphine is toxic to cats
T
39
Apomorphine acts on which receptor?
D2
40
Opioid effect on urinary system
Urinary retention
41
Opioid effect on immune system
Histamine release
42
T/F. Opioids offer excellent visceral analgesia
T
43
T/F. Opioids are used in epidurals
T
44
Agonism of which receptors causes the most sedative effects
kappa
45
Which opioids can be antitussive
Butrophanol, hydrocodone
46
What is the MOA of opioids?
inhibit Substance P
47
Which full Mu Agonist is a prototypical analgesic
Morphine
48
What is the risk of morphine in dogs
histamine release
49
Why would you pick hydromorphone over morphine?
less histamine release
50
Similar to hydromorphone but less emetogenic
Oxymorphone
51
Opioid that causes smooth sedation in cats and pedeatric patients
Oxymorphone
52
Used as alternative opioid in pre-anesthetic and analgesia protocols in dogs and cats
Methadone
53
Why would you pick Methadone over Morphine?
1. Less hist. release | 2. less GI signs (V+)
54
Why might you pick morphine over methadone?
more sedation with Morphine
55
Potent, short acting opioid that can be used CRI
Fentanyl
56
Similar to fentanyl but more potent
Remifentanil
57
What is the shortest acting opioid
Remifentanil
58
Semisynthetic partial mu agonist
Buprenorphine
59
Which opioid experiences the celing effect
Buprenorphine
60
T/F. Buprenorphine strongly binds to receptors at every site
F. not at every site
61
T/F Buprenorphine has less apparent adverse side effects than full mu agonists
T
62
What is the mixed opioid recptor agonist-antagonist we talked about?
Butorphanol
63
What is the MOA of Butorphanol
Synthetic kappa agonist and mu antagonist
64
T/F Butorphanol has less of an analgesic profile than pure mu agonists
T
65
Butorphanol works better for visceral or somatic pain?
visceral
66
T/F. Butorphanol can be used as a antitussive
T
67
T/F Butorphanol can be used as anxiety relief and sedation which facilitates airway relaxation and breathing
T
68
What is the full opioid mu receptor antagonist we talked about in class?
naloxone
69
What is the MOA of naloxone
competitive mu receptor antagonist
70
What is naloxone used for>
reversal of opioid induced adverse effects
71
T/F. Naloxone will reverse analgesic effects of opioids
T
72
What are the 2 special opioids we talked about?
Tramadol | Hydrocodone
73
What DEA schedule is Tramadol?
4
74
What is the MOA of Tramadol
Weak opioid mu agonist
75
Tramadol inhibits ____ and ____ reuptake
Serotonin and NE
76
T/F. Tramadol increases an animals seizure threshold?
F. lowers
77
Hydrocodone is a DEA schedule _ drug
2
78
Semisynthetic opioid used mostly as an antitussive
Hydrocodone
79
What is apomorphine used for?
emetic in dogs
80
T/F. Apomorphine is used as an emetic in cats
F. Toxic to cats
81
Can you give opioids to dogs with ileus
NO
82
T/F. Full mu agonists can be fully reversed
T
83
T/F. Hypothermia in cats is common after opioid use
F. Hyperthermia!!!!!
84
Rank the opioid agonist based on their ability to provide analgesia
Mu > kappa
85
Which opioid receptor provides the best sedation
kappa

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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