Exam 1: Infectious & Communicable Disease

Question 1

Describe the five steps of the infectious process.

Answer 1

1. infectious agent 2. reservoir: place for agent to live 3. exit from reservoir. 3. vehicle of transmission. 4. portal of entry: mucous membranes. 5. susceptible host.

Question 2

What is passive immunity?

Answer 2

antibodies produced in another host and given: example: breast milk

Question 3

What type of immunity is immunizations?

Answer 3

active: foreign substance that triggers an immune response: producing antibodies.

Question 4

What are some viral prodromal symptoms?

Answer 4

fever, malaise, HA, lack of appetite.

Question 5

When is a person most contagious?

Answer 5

before they even know they have a virus

Question 6

What is the first symptom of a sickness and last to go away?

Answer 6

cough

Question 7

What are some common signs of an infection that kids usually get?

Answer 7

skin rash, vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 8

What are some first signs of sepsis?

Answer 8

rapid RR, change in metal status, reduced alertness, confusion.

Question 9

What is the best way to control a fever?

Answer 9

fluid management

Question 10

When do you give patients meds for fever?

Answer 10

if they are uncomfortable and 103-104, if not eating, prone to febrile seizure.

Question 11

After how long do you call the doctor about your child’s fever?

Answer 11

72 hours

Question 12

How much does meds decrease a fever?

Answer 12

1-2 degrees

Question 13

True or False: tx of a fever can prolong illness.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

True or False if a neonate under 12 wks has a fever you should call doctor before you tx.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

What temp is high in neonate? toddlers?

Answer 15

> 100.4 and > 105.8

Question 16

What is the hand foot mouth disease also known as?

Answer 16

coxsackievirus: minor and short lived

Question 17

describe the fifth disease.

Answer 17

begins with low grade fever, HA, mild cold like symptoms, illness then seems to be gone until a rash appears a few days later.

Question 18

What disease has slap cheeks followed by fine lacy rash?

Answer 18

fifth disease

Question 19

What is Hepatitis A caused by?

Answer 19

food-borne illness

Question 20

What are some s/s of hep A?

Answer 20

abdominal pain, N/V, diarrhea, jaundice,

Question 21

True or False those who have hep B you should check their GI system.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

What are some s/s of influenza?

Answer 22

fever, cough, malaise, body aches, not typical URI

Question 23

What is rubella caused by?

Answer 23

RNA virus

Question 24

What is rubella?

Answer 24

form of measles, bad rash with no tx.

Question 25

What is different about varicella (chicken pox)?

Answer 25

multiple stage of sores

Question 26

When is varicella not contagious?

Answer 26

no new lesions and all are scabbed.

Question 27

Describe shingles.

Answer 27

caused by varicella virus, usually have pain first without a rash then rash appears: unilateral and in one area, doesn't cross midline.

Question 28

What is one of the most common causes of diarrhea?

Answer 28

rotovirus.

Question 29

What are some s/s of rotovirus?

Answer 29

fever, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration

Question 30

True or False: Poliomyelitis is a reportable disease.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

What is measles?

Answer 31

rash caused by mobillivirus, can feel it, bright red

Question 32

What is the only way to protect from measles?

Answer 32

immunization

Question 33

what is roseola? who is it commonly seen in?

Answer 33

pink rash under the skin, really high fever but don't act different. very common in 6-24 months.

Question 34

What happens in mumps?

Answer 34

parotid swelling.

Question 35

True or False: mumps is not a reportable disease.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

What are some concerns with mumps?

Answer 36

air way management, and can cause sterility probs in boys

Question 37

What is the number one reason for bacterial meningitis?

Answer 37

HIb

Question 38

What is meningitis? s/s?

Answer 38

inflammation of meninges of brain and spine, nuchal rigidity, change in mental status, rash, fever.

Question 39

what disease is very common in kids under 5 and college kids?

Answer 39

meningoccus: rash

Question 40

What stages is pertussis(whooping cough) contagious?

Answer 40

1 and 2

Question 41

True or False: pertussis is a reportable disease and patient should be isolated until ATB complete.

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Describe stage 1, 2, and 3 of pertussis

Answer 42

1: cold symptoms 7-14 days 2: violent, dry, hacking cough 30 days 3: harsh, dry cough can continue

Question 43

True or False: lyme disease is caused by spirochete which is transmitted by tick.

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Describe stages of lyme disease.

Answer 44

1: malaise, fatigue, HA, stiff neck, joint pains, bulls eye rash 2: pain and swelling of joints especially knees 3: CNS changes

Question 45

True or false: in lyme disease you always see the rash where the tick bit you.

Answer 45

false

Question 46

True or false: most ppl recover from west nile virus.

Answer 46

true

Question 47

What are some preventable measures for west nile virus?

Answer 47

clothing at dusk, repellants, eliminate standing water areas

Question 48

What are some ways to get tetanus?

Answer 48

spore in soil, dust, excretions of animals

Question 49

True or false: tetanus causes contractions of all muscles.

Answer 49

true

Question 50

True or false: if your child has lice it is important you only treat the child's hair and their room.

Answer 50

false: treat the whole house.

Question 51

What is reye's syndrome?

Answer 51

rash, vomiting, liver damage cause unknown, associated with giving aspirin to tx fever.

Question 52

What is encephalitis? s/s?

Answer 52

inflammation of brain tissue; personality changes, seizures, weakness.