Exam 1: Lecture 5

Question 1

Mouth infectious diseases

Answer 1

Dental Caries
Herpes Simplex virus - Type 1
Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 2

Skin Infectious diseases

Answer 2

Staphylococcus aureus
Strep throat
Acen vulgaris

Question 3

Streptococcus mutans

Answer 3

Facultatively anaerobic, gram positive coccus

Question 4

Dental Caries

Answer 4

Tooth decay caused by specific types of bacteria that produce acid in the presence of fermentable carbs such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose

Question 5

Process of tooth decay formation

Answer 5

sugar/starch + bacteria (germs) in plaque = Acid

Acid + Healthy tooth = tooth decay

Question 6

What does S.mutans cause that can be lethal?

Answer 6

Endocarditis

colonize in heart, often heart valves and cause inflammation

Question 7

Pathway of Herpes infection

Answer 7

1. Herpesvirus enters the body
2. Lies dormant in the nerves
3. reactivated causing another outbreak

Question 8

Primary (acute) herpetic gingiovstomatitis

Answer 8

Oral infection caused by HSV-1

Young children at risk for developing extensive oropharyngeal vesicular eruptions when 1st infected with virus

Lasts about 2 weeks, can cause issues eating/drinking but self-limiting disease

Anti-viral (acyclovir) proven effective management

Question 9

Recurrent Herpetic gingiovostomatitis

Answer 9

usually more mild

Question 10

Disease progression of Herpes Episode

Answer 10

Tingling = 1 day
Redness = 1-2 days
Bumps = 1-2 days
Blisters = 2-3 days
Scabs = 5-7 days
Redness = 1-2 days

Question 11

Kissing disease

Answer 11

Mononucleosis aka mono

Question 12

Incubation period of mono?

Answer 12

4-6 weeks

spread by contact, usually via saliva

Question 13

Mono info

Answer 13

self treatable usually

resolves within days to weeks

Question 14

Some signs of mono

Answer 14

1. Swollen Neck lymph nodes
2. Erythema nodosum = skin rash
3. Palatal petechiae (roof of mouth)
4. Pharyngitis = swollen tonsils

Question 15

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 15

also known as Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)

one of 8 known Herpesvirus, most common viruses in humans

95% of adults in US have antibodies in blood for it

Question 16

Complications of Mono

Answer 16

Splenomegaly = enlarged spleen

avoid contact sports during active mono illness and recovery because of possibility that the spleen can rupture due to it being swollen

Question 17

Staphylococci

Answer 17

Gram +
31 species
lack spores and flagella
May have capsules
common inhabitant of skin and mucous membranes
spherical cells arranged in irregular clusters

Question 18

Boils

Answer 18

most common S. aureus skin infection

infection of hair follicle or oil gland

Question 19

Boils Symptoms

Answer 19

Redness, pus, swelling

Question 20

Boils Treatment

Answer 20

Drainage, keep skin clear, antibiotics

Question 21

MRSA symptoms

Answer 21

Red or tender skin around wound
swollen, painful, oozing boils

Doesn’t get better with typical antibiotics treatment

Serious symptoms: Fever, difficulty breathing, chills and chest pain

Question 22

Complications of MRSA

Answer 22

Often community-acquired, isolation is important

Sepsis can result if bacterial infection has invaded the bloodstream

Question 23

Streptococci

Answer 23

Gram +

Spherical/ovoid cocci arranged in long chains

Non-spore-forming

can form capsules and slime layers

facultative anaerobes

Do not form catalase

most parasitic forms are fastidious and req enriched media

small non-pigmented colonies

Question 24

Strep Throat Characteristics

Answer 24

spreads person-person contact

Question 25

Strep throat symptoms

Answer 25

Red sore throat, sometimes w/ white patches | fever, pain when swallowing, swollen neck glands

Question 26

Strep throat Treatment

Answer 26

penicillin amoxicillin take for 10 days

Question 27

How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is viral

Answer 27

Red/swollen tonsils Red/swollen throat Treat at home, gargle with salt water

Question 28

How to tell and what to do if Sore throat is strep

Answer 28

``` Swollen uvula White spots Red/swollen tonsils Red/swollen throat Gray/Furry tongue ``` go to urgent care/doctor immediately

Question 29

Acne Vulgaris Organsim

Answer 29

Propionbacterium acnes Gram +, anaerobic rod

Question 30

Acne vulgaris Transmission

Answer 30

Direct contact, normal skin flora

Question 31

Acne vulgaris portal of entry

Answer 31

Hair follicles, skin pores

Question 32

Acne vulgaris Disease mechanism

Answer 32

blocked pores from overgrowth of epithelial cells and/or P.acnes can digest lipids and cause inflammation

Question 33

Acne vulgaris signs and symptoms

Answer 33

inflamed, swollen spots on face, chest back

Question 34

Acne vulgaris diagnosis

Answer 34

Clinical symptoms

Question 35

Acne vulgaris Treatment

Answer 35

topical retinoids, antibiotics

Question 36

Acne vulgaris prevention

Answer 36

personal hygiene

Question 37

Conjunctivitis

Answer 37

known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of eyelid

Question 38

Conjuctiva

Answer 38

Mucous membrane lining eyelid and covering the eyeball

Question 39

Cornea

Answer 39

Transparent, fibrous outer layer of the anterior outer layer of the eye

Question 40

Keratitis

Answer 40

condition in which the eye's cornea, the front part of the eye, becomes inflamed

Question 41

5 different types of conjunctivitis

Answer 41

1. Bacterial = bacteria 2. Viral = often associated with common cold 3. Chlamydia = caused by STI 4. Allergic = pollens, dust 5. Reactive = cause by chemicals such as Chlorine

Question 42

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Answer 42

``` Common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus = most common Streptococcus pneumonia H. influenza M. Catarrhalis ``` ``` Signs/Symptoms: Redness Discharge in one eye or both Matting of eye shut usually morning purulent discharge throughout day, yellow/green/white ```

Question 43

Viral Conjunctivitis

Answer 43

Common pathogens: Adenovirus - common ``` Signs/Symptoms: Watery or mumcoserous discharge May be associated with URI symptoms Burning Sandy or gritty feeling in the eye ```

Question 44

Keratitis

Answer 44

painful inflammation and corneal infections infections can reduce visual clarity, produce corneal discharges, and perhaps erode the cornea can lead to possible corneal scarring, impairing vision and requiring corneal transplant

Question 45

3 Types of Keratitis

Answer 45

Pseudomonas Staphylococcal Fungal