-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept- 2 types of reproductive isolation: 1. Pre-zygotic barrier - __________ isolation, temporal isolation, __________ isolation, mechanical isolation, __________ isolation

- habitat - behavioral - gametic

Exam 1 - Outline 3 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

Taxonomy

__________ = Arrangement
Nomia = __________

Taxis

- Method

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taxonomy

Taxis = __________
__________ = Method

Arrangement

- Nomia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ = A method of arrangement

Taxonomy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Taxonomy = A method of __________

arrangement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In biology taxonomy refers to the method of naming and __________ living things

classifying

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Taxonomy-

The living organisms that people name are __________

species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Taxonomy-

The living organisms that people name are species

-the fundamental __________ of classification

unit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ -

-Distinguishes a species by using distinctive external features that separate the organisms

Morphological Species Concept

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morphological Species Concept-

-Distinguishes a species by using distinctive __________ features that separate the __________

external

- organisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morphological Species Concept-

Ex; bird – __________, body, shape, __________, sound

size

- color

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morphological Species Concept-

Works for both sexual and asexual species, but relies on __________ criteria

subjective

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________ -

A group of populations whose members have the potential to inter-bread in nature and produce viable fertile offspring, but they do not produce viable fertile offspring with members of other such groups

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

A group of populations whose members have the potential to __________ in nature and produce viable fertile offspring, but they do not produce viable fertile __________ with members of other such groups

inter-bread

- offspring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

A group of populations whose members have the potential to inter-bread in nature and produce __________ fertile offspring, but they __________ produce viable fertile offspring with members of other such groups

viable

- do not

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

- assuming interbreeding groups are doing so without __________ involvement (aka: __________ )

human

- naturally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

depends on reproductive __________

isolation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

depends on reproductive isolation-
-existence of biological factors “barriers” that impede members of two species from successfully __________

inter-breeding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

__________ barrier
__________ barriers

Pre-zygotic

- Post-zygotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

Pre-zygotic barrier (__________ )

before the zygote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

Post-zygotic barriers (__________ )

after the zygote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

__________ -
-habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation

Pre-zygotic barrier

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

Pre-zygotic barrier
- habitat isolation, __________ isolation, behavioral isolation, __________ isolation, gametic isolation

temporal

- mechanical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

Pre-zygotic barrier
- __________ isolation, temporal isolation, __________ isolation, mechanical isolation, __________ isolation

habitat
behavioral
gametic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

__________ barriers

reduced hybrid viability
reduced hybrid fertility
hybrid breakdown

Post-zygotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept- 2 types of reproductive isolation: 2. Post-zygotic barriers - reduced hybrid __________ - reduced hybrid fertility - hybrid __________

- viability | - breakdown

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept- 2 types of reproductive isolation: 2. Post-zygotic barriers - reduced hybrid viability - reduced hybrid __________ - hybrid breakdown

fertility

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept- Limitations/Problems: -No way to determine __________ isolation for fossils, __________ reproduction

- reproductive | - asexual

__________ - | views species in terms of their ecological niche

-Ecological Species Concept

-Ecological Species Concept- __________ : Sum of species use of biotic and abiotic resources in it’s environment

Ecological niche

-Ecological Species Concept- Ecological niche: Sum of species use of __________ and __________ resources in it’s environment

- biotic | - abiotic

- Ecological Species Concept- | - views species in terms of their __________ niche

ecological

-Ecological Species Concept- This concept applies to __________ and __________ species

- sexual | - asexual

-Phylogenetic Species Concept- Views species as the smallest group of individuals on a __________-

Phylogenetic tree

__________ Species Concept- This applies to sexual and asexual species

Phylogenetic

-Phylogenetic Species Concept- Limitation: It’s difficult to determine the degree of __________ required for separate species

difference

Scientific Nomenclature (nomenclature = __________ )

naming

Common names are __________

ambiguous

Common names are ambiguous | - different __________

languages

a species common throughout the world could have hundreds or thousands of different __________ names

common

__________ names: Ex; rollie pollie > pill bug > potato bug > isopod

Common

Common names can be __________ Ex; FISHES: Jellyfish, Shellfish, crayfish, bluegill, catfish, dogfish

misleading

- Same common name can apply to __________ species

multiple

Most organisms are __________ or not commonly recognized

uncommon

most biologist believe that there are at least ___ million species but perhaps more than ___ million

- 5 | - 30

- approximately only ___ million organisms have scientific names (about 800,000 are insects)

- approximately only 2 million organisms have __________ names (about 800,000 are insects)

scientific

there are - tens of thousands of known organisms WITHOUT __________ names

common

Karl Linne – Swedish physician and naturalist -Came up with a __________ naming system: the Binomial System (_____)

- 2 word | - 1753

__________ – Swedish physician and naturalist -Came up with a 2 word naming system: the Binomial System (1753)

Karl Linne

Species | = __________ + specific epithet

genus name

Species | = genus name + __________

specific epithet

__________ = genus name + specific epithet i. Ex; African Elephant Loxodonta africana

Species

__________ – group, generic name – always a noun

Genus

Genus – group, __________ name – always a __________

- generic | - noun

__________ = species adjective describing the noun

Specific epithet

Specific epithet = species __________ describing the noun

adjective

Scientific Nomenclature: If you were to see the genus name followed by “sp.” – That would mean an unspecified __________ within a gene

species

Scientific Nomenclature: Generic name can be used alone but not the __________

specific epithet

Scientific Nomenclature: Generic name is always __________ but not the specific epithet;

capitalized

Scientific Nomenclature: species names are always __________ or italicized, even if you are only using the generic name (genus)

underlined

Generic name can be __________ once it has been previously used Ex; L. Africana

abbreviated

__________ - Looking at organisms we can see that species can be placed into groups that share common characteristics that distinguish them from other groups of species

-Hierarchies of Classification

-All organisms are grouped by their similar traits into a hierarchy of categories; these categories are called __________

taxa

__________ : one category or group | __________ : more than one category/group

- Taxon | - Taxa

Taxon: __________ category or group Taxa: __________ category/group

- one | - more than one

Major __________ Categories 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species

Taxonomic

__________ : technically the top category; above kingdom

Domain

Domain: technically the top category; above __________

kingdom

3 Domains: - 2 __________ - ___ Eukaryotic

- Prokaryotic | - 1

3 Domains: - ___ Prokaryotic - 1 __________

- 2 | - Eukaryotic

3 Domains: - __________ - Achaea (Ancient bacteria) - Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

Bacteria (True Bacteria)

3 Domains: - Bacteria (True Bacteria) - __________ - Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

Achaea (Ancient bacteria)

3 Domains: - Bacteria (True Bacteria) - Achaea (Ancient bacteria) - __________

Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

3 Domains: - Bacteria (__________) - Achaea (Ancient bacteria) - Eukarya (__________)

- True Bacteria | - Eukaryotes

3 Domains: - Bacteria (True Bacteria) - Achaea (__________) - Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

Ancient bacteria

-Additional Taxonomic Categories- Biologists added the “Super” & “Sub” categories for each of the above categories. “__________” added to phylum & species “__________” added to class & family

- Sub | - Super

-Additional Taxonomic Categories- Biologists added the “Super” & “Sub” categories for each of the above categories. “Sub” added to __________ & species “Super” added to __________ & family

- phylum | - class

-Classification systems are always open to __________

debate

-New evidence inspires new ideas that must be __________ & debated

tested

-Taxonomy is __________

subjective

2 major groups of biologists- - __________ : look at similarities and want to group those organisms together - __________ : look at the differences and want to create new groups or group separately

- Lumpers | - Splitters

2 major groups of biologists- - Lumpers: look at __________ and want to group those organisms together - Splitters: look at the __________ and want to create new groups or group separately

- similarities | - differences

2 major groups of biologists- - Lumpers: look at similarities and want to group those organisms __________ - Splitters: look at the differences and want to create new groups or group __________

- together | - separately

eu means __________

true

Kingdom Variables 1. __________ 2. Cell Associations 3. __________

- Cell Structure | - Nutrition

Kingdom Variables 1. Cell Structure 2. __________ 3. Nutrition

Cell Associations

Where to put bacteria? Some can swim = __________ Some are autotrophs = plants Cell walls = __________

- animal | - plants

Where to put bacteria? Some can swim = animal Some are autotrophs = __________ Cell walls = plants

plants

Exam 1 - Outline 3 Flashcards

(88 cards)