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Organismal Bio 111 > Exam 1 - Outline 4 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Outline 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Variation-

  1. There are many different kinds of __________
  2. __________ within each kind of organism
A
  • organisms

- Variability

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2
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Stability
1. We have a great amount of __________ within kinds of organisms

A

stability

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3
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (__________)

  1. Differences in DNA give variety
  2. Similarity in DNA give stability
A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  1. Differences in DNA give __________
  2. Similarity in DNA give __________
A
  • variety

- stability

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5
Q

Variety and Stability of Living Things:

Genetics/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  1. __________ in DNA give variety
  2. __________ in DNA give stability
A
  • Differences

- Similarity

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6
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

__________ :

a. Long, thread-like (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into chromosomes
b. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of each cell

A

DNA

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7
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

DNA:

a. Long, thread-like (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into __________
b. In __________ cells, DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of each cell

A
  • chromosomes

- eukaryotic

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8
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

DNA:

a. Long, __________ (shaped) molecule tightly coiled into chromosomes
b. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is mostly found in the __________ of each cell

A
  • thread-like

- nucleus

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9
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

Chromosomes

a. DNA molecule
b. Every species has a specific number of __________ (come in pairs)

A

chromosomes

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10
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

Chromosomes

a. DNA molecule
b. Every species has a specific number of chromosomes (come in __________ )

A

pairs

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11
Q

-Chromosome Characteristics-

number of chromosomes:
Humans = ___ (___ pairs)

A
  • 46

- 23

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12
Q

Number of chromosomes does NOT indicate organism __________

A

complexity

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13
Q

__________ -

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific chromosomes and any one chromosome can have hundreds or thousands of genes arranged in a line along the DNA strand

A

Genes;

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14
Q

Genes;

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific __________ and any one chromosome can have hundreds or thousands of genes arranged in a line along the __________ strand

A
  • chromosomes

- DNA

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15
Q

Genes;

-Specific regions of DNA located literally on specific chromosomes and any one __________ can have hundreds or thousands of __________ arranged in a line along the DNA strand

A
  • chromosome

- genes

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16
Q

Diploid (___) = 2 of each kind of chromosome

  • “___” = number of different kinds of chromosomes
A
  • 2n

- n

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17
Q

Diploid (2n) = 2 of each kind of __________

  • “n” = number of different __________ of chromosomes
A
  • chromosome

- kinds

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18
Q

__________ (2n) = 2 of each kind of chromosome

  • “n” = number of different kinds of chromosomes
A

Diploid

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19
Q

Diploid (2n)

  • Humans have ___ chromosomes, meaning we have 23 different kinds chromosomes and 2 of each __________
A
  • 46

- kind

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20
Q

Diploid (2n)

  • Humans have 46 chromosomes, meaning we have ___ different kinds chromosomes and ___ of each kind
A
  • 23

- 2

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21
Q

Diploid organisms : __________ (mostly)

A

animals

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22
Q

__________ organisms : animals (mostly)

23
Q

Haploid (noted as “___”) = a cell that has one of each kind of chromosome

24
Q

Haploid (noted as “n”) = a cell that has one of each kind of __________

A

chromosome

25
__________ (noted as “n”) = a cell that has one of each kind of chromosome
Haploid
26
most living things are __________
haploid
27
Haploid - Ex; Spirogyra = 12 chromosomes - ___ different kinds of chromosomes, only _____ of each kind
- 12 | - one
28
Haploid - Ex; Spirogyra = 12 __________ - 12 different kinds of chromosomes, only one of each kind
chromosomes
29
Haploid organisms: - __________ - most protest - most __________
- bacteria | - fungi
30
Haploid organisms: - bacteria - most __________ - most fungi
protest
31
plants are both (n + 2n) (__________ + __________) - __________ of diploid organisms are also haploid
sex cells-haploid | -diploid
32
New cells are formed when one cells __________ into two cells
divides
33
Natural division of one cell into two cells (division of __________ ) - Cytokinesis (Cell Movement)
cytoplasm
34
Natural division of one cell into two cells (division of cytoplasm) - __________
Cytokinesis (Cell Movement)
35
Cytokinesis (__________ )
Cell Movement
36
Two different ways that cells divide: a. An animal cell will pinch in itself in half through a process called __________
cleavage
37
Two different ways that cells divide: a. A plant builds a cell wall between two new cells by __________ of cells forming a cell plate which enlarges
coalescence
38
Two different ways that cells divide: a. A plant __________ a cell wall between two new cells by coalescence of cells forming a cell __________ which enlarges
- builds | - plate
39
Each new cell needs a complete set of __________ to survive, the nucleus which divides the __________, also divides in two -This is called nuclear division
- genes | - chromosomes
40
Each new cell needs a complete set of genes to survive, the nucleus which divides the chromosomes, also divides in two -This is called __________
nuclear division
41
Cytokinesis + Nuclear division are very closely __________
tied
42
- __________ comes first with __________ immediately following (usually)
- Nuclear division | - Cytokinesis
43
2 kinds of Nuclear division: - __________ - __________
- Mitosis | - Meiosis
44
2 kinds of __________ : - Mitosis - Meiosis
Nuclear division
45
__________ - - in animals only certain diploid cells in the ovary and testis undergo meiosis --gametes (egg & sperm)
Meiosis
46
Meiosis - in animals only certain diploid cells in the __________ and __________ undergo meiosis --gametes (egg & sperm)
- ovary | - testis
47
Meiosis - in animals only certain diploid cells in the ovary and testis undergo meiosis -- __________ (egg & sperm)
gametes
48
in most organisms | -(__________, fungi & __________) meiosis produces spores (haploid) not gametes
- protists | - plants
49
in most organisms | -(protists, fungi & plants) meiosis produces __________ (haploid) not __________
- spores | - gametes
50
in most __________ | -(protists, fungi & plants) meiosis produces spores (__________) not gametes
- organisms | - haploid
51
__________ (= growth) 2n > 2n n > n
Mitosis
52
__________ (only goes through on diploid cells) | 2n > n (4 new cells)
Meiosis
53
Meiosis (only goes through on diploid cells) | 2n > n (___ new cells)
4

Organismal Bio 111 (8 decks)

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