Exam 1 PPT Notes Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Personality
- dictionary definitions
- state of …
- … and … that form a person’s distinctive character
- sum total of a person’s …, …, and … characteristics
A
being a person;
characteristics; qualities;
mental; emotional; social
2
Q
personality
psychological definition
- unique and relatively … … and … aspects of a person’s character
- they influence behavior in …
A
enduring; internal; external;
different situations
3
Q
personality
- description is complex
- humans change according to … and …
A
different situations; people
4
Q
Questions on Personality and Social Media Interaction
- Do people present their … on social media?
- Does the use of social media … or … one’s personality?
- Does the use of social media differ with …?
A
real selves;
influence; change;
different personalities
5
Q
Personality and Social Media
- personality includes how others …
- social media has a wide and a more … audience
- … and … personality
A
see a person online;
instantly reachable;
shapes; reflects
6
Q
Role of Race, Gender, and Culture in Shaping Personality
- Race and Gender
- personality theorists traditionally consisted of … of … and … heritage
- ignored … and … influences
- personality theorists traditionally consisted of … of … and … heritage
A
white men;
European; American;
ethnic; gender
7
Q
Role of Race, Gender, and Culture in Shaping Personality
- Culture
- … psychology research
- conclusion shows that personality is formed by … and … influences
- … psychology research
A
cross-cultural;
genetic;
environmental
8
Q
Differences in Cultural Beliefs and Values
- Individualism vs collectivism
- impacts:
- …
- … - tendency to … oneself aggressively and be …
- impacts:
A
child-rearing practices;
self enhancement; promote; conspicuous
9
Q
Assessment in Personality Study
- evaluation of personality
- used for …, …, …, and …
A
diagnosis;
education;
counseling;
research
10
Q
Assessment in Personality Study
- principles of measurement:
- …: consistency of response to a psychological assessment device
- …: extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure
A
reliability;
validity
11
Q
Assessment Methods:
- …
- … administration
- … tests
- …
- … assessment
- … and … samples
A
self-report inventories;
online test;
projective;
clinical interviews;
behavioral;
thought;
experience
12
Q
Self-Report Inventories:
- subjects answer questions about their … and …
- … measure - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
A
behaviors;
feelings;
objective
13
Q
Self-Report Inventories
- Advantages: … scoring, … assessment
- Disadvantages: not suited for people who possess …, tendency to provide … answers
A
objective;
quick;
limited reading skills;
desirable
14
Q
Online Test Advantages
- Advantages
- less … and …
- … scoring
- accepted by …
- prevents test takers from … and …
A
time-consuming;
expensive;
objective;
younger employees;
looking ahead at questions; changing their answers
15
Q
Projective Tests
- projective techniques
- …
- … Test
- … and …
A
Rorschach Inkblot Technique;
Thematic Apperception Test;
word association; sentence completion
16
Q
Projective tests:
- interpretation is …
- … and … of the tests are low
A
subjective;
reliability; validity
17
Q
Clinical interviews
- involves asking relevant questions about:
- … and … experiences
- … and … relationships
- reasons for …
A
past and present life experiences;
social; family;
seeking psychological help
18
Q
Clinical Interviews:
- advantage: problem areas can be …
- Disadvantage: …
A
explored in detail;
subjective
19
Q
Behavioral Assessments
- observer evaluates a person’s behavior …
- assessment occurs during …
- advantage: provides …
- disadvantage: less …
A
in a given situaiton;
clinical interview;
valuable insights;
systematic
20
Q
Thought and Experience Sampling
- Thought sampling
- records … and … in a … manner
- provides a sample over a …
- records … and … in a … manner
A
thoughts;
moods;
systematic
period of time
21
Q
Thought and Experience Sampling
- Experience sampling: participants are asked to describe … and … context in which the experience being sampled occurs
A
social;
environmental
22
Q
Thought and Experience Sampling:
- relies on …
- advantage:
- determines how context influences … and …
- disadvantage:
- participant may forget to …
- … and … affect nature of info reported
A
technological developments;
thought; mood;
record activities;
emotions;
mood
23
Q
Gender Issues in Assessment
- personality assessment is influenced by gender
- assessment measures indicate differential rates of diagnosis based on gender for …
- therapists may exhibit …
A
emotional disorders;
bias against women
24
Q
Ethnic Issues in Assessment
- Asians
- less likely to … for …
- African Americans
- personality tests used are …
A
seek help;
emotional problems;
biased
25
Ethnic Issues in Assessment
* Hispanics
* less likely to seek ...
* prefer to seek mental health advice from their ...
* translation of personality tests
* ... and ... expressions
* problems arising from ... application
psychological treatment;
family physician;
slang; colloquial;
cross-culture
26
Personality Assessment Highlights
* Asians tend to score:
* high in ...
* low in ... and ..
collectivism;
assertiveness; optimism
27
Personality Assessment Highlights
* Hispanics tend to score:
* high in ...
* high in ... symptoms following injuries
collectivism;
PTSD
28
Personality Assessment Highlights
* African-Americans tend to score:
* low on ...
* low on ... and ... (if they identify with ...)
* low on ... if they perceive ... against them
trust;
hopelessness; depression; Black cultural values;
self-esteem; discrimination
29
Personality Research Methods:
* ... method
* ... method
* ... method
* ... method
clinical;
experimental;
virtual research;
correlational
30
clinical method:
* case study: detailed ... of an individual
* contains data from ...
* consistences in the patient's lives are used by theorists to ... their findings
* advantage: provides an ... view of one's personality
history;
various sources;
generalize;
in-depth
31
clinical method:
* case study:
* disadvantages:
* no ... and control of the ... and ... methods
* ...
* accuracy of ... cannot be checked
precision; experimental; correlational;
subjective;
childhood memories
32
experimental method
* involves determining effects of ... or ... on ...
* an ... is arranged by psychologists
variables;
events;
behavior;
experimental situation
33
Experimental Method
* .. variable: variable that is manipulated
* ... variable: variable that is measured
* ... group: exposed to experimental treatment
* ... group: does not receive experimental treatment
independent;
dependent;
experimental;
control
34
experimental method:
* advantages: ... and ...
* disadvantages:
* ... and ... reasons restrict control over some aspects of personality and behavior
* dependent variable is influenced by the ...
well controlled; systematic;
safety; ethical;
subject's attitude
35
Virtual Research Method
* online test administration:
* ... tests
* ...
* subject responses to ...
* advantages:
* ... responses
* ...
* reaches ... of subjects
psychological;
opinion surveys;
experimental stimuli;
fast;
inexpensive;
broad range
36
Virtual Research Method
* online tests:
* disadvantages:
* sample may not ...
* online test-takers may have different ... from ...
* ... and ... of data is questionable
represent the population;
characteristics; non-responders;
honesty; accuracy
37
Correlational Method:
* measures the ... between two variables
* expressed by the ..., which ranges from .... to ...
degree of relationship ;
correlation coefficient;
- 1.00; +1.00
38
Correlational Method
* advantage:
* helps make ... in the real world
* disadvantage:
* ... conclusions may be flawed
predictions;
cause and effect
39
Theory in the Study of Personality
Theory: provides the ... to describe data in a ...
* set of principles that must:
* be ... and capable of ...
* be able to ... and ... data by organizing those data into ...
* help understand ...
framework; meaningful;
testable; stimulating research;
clarify; explain;
coherent framework;
behavior
40
Questions about human nature:
* ... or ...
* ... or ...
* ... or ... of childhood
* ... or ...
* ... or ...
* ... or ...
free will; determinism;
inherited nature; nurturing environment;
dependent; independent;
unique; universal;
satisfaction; growth;
optimism; pessimism
41
The Person and the Situation:
* both the ... and the ... contribute to behavior
* individual's personality determines:
* how .. he/she is from others
* how he/she ... in the different situations
situation; person;
different;
behaves
42
The Personality
* ... behavior ... and ... processes originating within the individual
consistent;
patterns;
intrapersonal
43
The Personality
* consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual
* consistent patterns of behavior
* to an extent, individual behavior is consistent across ... and ...
* intrapersonal processes
* ..., ..., and ... processes that influence individual's ... and ...
time; situations;
emotional;
motivational;
cognitive;
feelings;
actions
44
Approaches to Personality
* psychoanalytic
* ... is responsible for important differences in behavior styles
* traait
* an individual lies along a ... of ...
unconscious mind;
continuum;
various personality characteristics
45
Approaches to Personality
* biological
* ... and ... contribute to differences in personality
* humanistic
* ... and feelings of ... cause differences in personality
inherited predispositions; physiological processes;
personal responsibility; self-acceptance
46
Approaches to Personality
* behavioral/social learning
* consistent behavior patterns are the result of ... and ...
* cognitive
* people ... to explain differences in behavior
conditioning; expectations;
process information
47
Aggression
* psychoanalytic approach's explanation
* people possess an unconscious desire to ...
* ... impulses are expressed against others in the form of ...
* aggression occurs when people are blocked from ...
self-destruct;
self-destructive;
aggression;
reaching their goals
48
Aggression
* trait approach's explanation
* focuses on ... and the ... of aggressive behavior
* aggressive ... are most likely to become ...
individual differences;
stability;
children;
aggressive adults
49
Aggression
* biological approach's explanation
* ... towards aggression
* ...
genetic predisposition;
evolutionary theory
50
Aggression
* humanistic approach's explanation
* people are ...
* aggresion arises when something ... with ...
* ..., poor ...
basically good;
interferes;
natural growth process;
inadequate basic needs;
self-image
51
Aggression
* cognitive explanation
* certain ... in the ... trigger a network of ... and ...
cues; environment;
aggressive thoughts; emotions
52
Depression
* psychoanalytic approach's explanation
* depression is a result of holding unconscious feelings of ... and ...
* trait approach's explanation
* focuses on identifying ... individuals
* person's general emotional level at present can indicate that person's ...
anger; hostility;
depression-prone;
emotions in the future
53
Depression
* biological approach's explanation
* certain people ... to depression
* humanistic approach's explanation
* people frequently suffering from depression are those who have ..
inherit a genetic susceptibility;
low self-worth
54
Depression
* behavioral/social approach's explanation
* depression results from a lack of ... in a person's life
* cognitive approach's explanation
* depression depends on how people ... their ...
* certain individuals use a ... to interpret and process info
positive reinforcers;
interpret; inability to control events;
depressive filter
55
Depression
* what causes depression?
* depending on which approach to personality you adopt, you might expain depression in terms of:
* ...
* a ...
* an ...
* ....
* a lack of ...
* ...
anger turned inward;
stable trait;
inherited predisposition;
low self-esteem;
reinforcers;
negative thoughts
56
Personality and Culture
* ... influences an individual's personality
* individualistic cultures:
* emphasize on ... and ...
* individuals perceive themselves as ... and ...
* includes ... countries and ...
cultural context;
individual needs; accomplishments;
independent; unique;
Northern European; the US
57
Personality and Culture
* collectivist cultures: emphasize on ... to a ...
* ..., ..., or ...
*
belonging; larger group;
family; tribe; nation
58
Personality and Culture
* collectivist cultures
* includes ..., ..., ..., and ... countries
* cultural context influences ... of an individual's behavior
Asian; African; Central American; South Americaan;
interpretation
59
Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research
* genetic vs environmental influences
* biological and ... theorists argue that psychologists fail to recognize the significance of ...
* psychoanalytic theorists emphasize ... and ...
trait;
inherited predispositions;
innate needs; unconscious behavior patterns
60
Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research
* genetic versus environmental influences
* humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive theorists rarely emphasize ... on personality
* psychoanalytic approach is divided into two sections:
* ...
* ...
inherited influences;
Freudian;
Neo-Freudian
61
Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research
* each of the personality theorists covered in these pages presents a ... model for how human personality is structured and how it operates
* these applications include ..., ..., ..., and ... at work
comprehensive;
psychotherapy;
education;
religion;
performance
62
Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research
* if you take the time to try each of these inventories, not only will you obtain a better understanding of how psychologists from the different approaches measure personality, but you will also gain insight into your own personality
* the second chapter within each of the seven sections is devoted entirely to research relevant to that approach
* by examining a handful of ... in depth for each of the approaches, you will see how theories ... and how the findings from one study typically lead to new questions and more research
research topics;
generate research
63
Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research
* it's difficult to make it through college without taking a personality test somewhere along the way. one reason that self-report inventories are frequently used in personality research can be seen here - researchers can ... from a ... of people
quickly collect info;
large number
64
* personality psych is concerned with the ... among people. Although there is no agreed-upon definition, personality is defined here as consistent ... and ... originating with the individual
differences;
behavior patterns;
intrapersonal processes
65
* for convenience, the many theories of personality are divided into six general categories:
* ...
* ...
* ...
* ...
* .../....
* ...
* each approach provides a different focus for explaining individual differences in behavior. the six approaches can be thought of as ... models for understanding human personality, although occassionally they present competing accounts of behavior
psychoanalytic;
trait;
biological;
humanistic;
behavioral/social learning;
cognitive;
complementary
66
* personality psychologists need to consider the ... from which an individual comes. most of the findings reported in this book are baed on research in ..., such as the US. However, these results don't always ... to people in collectivist cultures
* a thorough understanding of human personality requires more than the ... Consequently, we'll also examine how each of the approaches is applied to practical concerns, how each deals with ... and some of the research relevant to the issues and topics addressed by the theories
culture;
individualistic cultures;
generalize;
study of theory;
personality assessment
67
Life of Freud
* 1856-1939
* early years
* father was a ...
* mother was extremely ... and ...
* possessed a high degree of ... and an intense ambition to ...
* explored the benefits of ...
strict authoritarian;
protective;
loving;
self-confidence;
succeed;
cocaine
68
Life of Freud
* worked as a ...
* studied with ...
* alerted Freud to the possible ... basis of ...
clinical neurologist;
Charcot;
sexual; neurosis
69
Life of Freud
* personal sexual conflicts
* possessed a ... toward sex
* was occasionally ... during his marriage
negative attitude;
impotent
70
Life of Freud
* experienced a severe ...
* developed ...
* ... himself through the study of his ...
* published his work and developed group of ...
neurotic episode;
psychoanalytic practice;
psychoanalyzed; dreams;
disciples
71
Instincts
* mental representations of ... that drive a person to ...
* form of ... that connects ... and ... of the mind
* homeostatic approach
* people are motivated to ... and ... a ...
internal stimuli;
take action;
energy;
needs;
wishes;
restore;
maintain;
physiological equilibrium
72
Types of Instincts
* Life instincts
* oriented towards ...
* libido: drives a person towards ... and ...
* ...: investment of psychic energy in an object/person
survival;
pleasurable behaviors; thoughts;
cathexis
73
Types of Instincts
* death instincts
* unconscious drive toward ..., ..., and ...
* aggressive drive: compulsion to ..., ..., and ...
decay; destruction; aggression;
destroy; conquer; kill
74
Freud's Levels and Structures of Personality
* ...: contact with outside world
* ...: material just beneath the surface of awareness
* ...: difficult to retrieve material; well below the surface of awareness
conscious;
preconscious;
unconscious
75
Freud's Levels and Structures of Personality
* ego: ... principle, ... thinking
* Id: ... principle, ... thinking
* Superego: ...
reality;
secondary process;
pleasure;
primary process;
moral imperatives
76
Structure of Personality
* Id
* aspect of personality allied with ...
* operates in accordance with the pleasure principle, which functions to ... and ...
* primary process thought: ... thinking by which the id attempts to ...
instincts;
avoid pain;
maximize pleasure;
childlike;
satisfy the instinctual drives
77
Structure of Personality
* Ego
* ... master of the personality
* operates in accordance with the reality principle, which provides appropriate ... on the expression of the ...
* secondary process thought: ... thought processes needed to deal ... with the external world
rational;
constraints;
id instincts;
mature;
rationally
78
Structure of Personality
* superego
* ... aspect of personality
* components
* ...: contains behaviors for which the child has been punished
* ...: contains moral/ideal behaviors for which a person should strive
moral;
conscience;
ego-ideal
79
Anxiety
* conflicts ...:
* reality anxiety: fear of ...
* neurotic anxiety: conflicts between ... and ...
* moral anxiety: conflicts between ... and ...
threaten the ego;
tangible dangers;
id; ego;
id; superego
80
purpose of anxiety
* signals a problem with ...
* alerts the individual that the ... is being threatened
* induces .. in the individual
* becomes a ... the individual is motivated to ...
personality;
ego;
tension;
drive;
satisfy
81
Defense Mechanisms
* ... strategies to defend against ... provoked by conflicts of daily life
* characteristics:
* involve ... or ...
* operate ...
ego;
anxiety;
denials; distortions of reality;
unconsciously
82
Freudian Defense Mechanisms:
* Repression: involves ... of the existence of something that causes anxiety
* Denial: involves ... of an external threat/traumatic event
* Reaction Formation: involves expressing an ... that is ... of the one truly driving the person
unconscious denial;
denying the existence;
id impulse; opposite
83
Freudian Defense Mechanisms:
* Projection: involves ...
* Regression: involves retreating to an ..., ... period of life and displaying the ... and ... behaviors characteristic of that more secure time
attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else;
earlier; less frustrating;
childish; dependent
84
Freudian Defense Mechanisms:
* rationalization: involves ... behavior to make it more ... and less ...
* displacement: involves shifting id impulses from a ... or .... object to a ... that is ...
reinterpreting;
acceptable;
threatening;
threatening; unavailable;
substitute object; available
85
Freudian Defense Mechanisms:
* sublimation: involves ... or ... id impulses by ... into ... behaviors
altering;
displacing;
diverting instinctual energy;
socially acceptable
86
Psychosexual stages
* personality develops in stages through which all children pass
* gratification of id instincts depends on the ... of ...
* each stage is defined by an ...
* must ... to move to next stage
stimulation; corresponding areas of the body;
erogenous zone;
resolve conflict
87
Psychosexual stages
* fixation: portion of ... remains ... in one of the stages
* caused due to ... or ...
libido; invested;
excessive frustration; gratification
88
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development
* Oral
* Ages: ... - ...
* Characteristics:
* ... is the primary erogenous zone
* pleasure derived from ...
* ... is dominant
Birth; 1;
mouth;
sucking;
id
89
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development:
* Anal
* Ages: ... - ...
* ... (...) interferes with gratification received from ...
1; 3;
toilet training; external reality;
defecation
90
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development:
* Phallic
* ages: ... to ...
* ... fantasies
* ...
* ...
* ... development
4; 5;
incestuous;
Oedipus complex;
anxiety;
superego
91
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development:
* Latency:
* ages: ... - ...
* period of ... of ...
5; puberty;
sublimation;
sex instinct
92
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development:
* Genital
* Ages: ... - ...
* development of ... and ...
adolescence; adulthood;
sex-role identity;
adult social relationships
93
Phallic stage:
* in boys
* oedipus complex: unconscious desire for the ...
* desire to ... or ... the father
* ...: fear that his ... will be ... by the father
* resolve the complex by ...
mother;
replace; destroy;
castration anxiety; penis; cut off;
identifying with the father
94
Phallic Stage
* in girls:
* electra complex: unconscious desire for the ...
* desire to ... or ... the mother
* ...: ... of the male bc of ... and a sense of ...
father;
replace;
destroy;
penis envy;
envy;
penis possession;
loss
95
Freud About Human Nature:
* Freud's view was ...
* ultimate goal in life - to ...
* recognized ... in human nature
* personality is determined by ...
* contended that psychoanalysis can create ...
deterministic;
reduce tension;
universality;
early childhood interactions;
free will
96
Assessments in Freud's Theory
* Free Association
* saying ...
* ...: expression of emotion expected to reduce symptoms
* problems:
* ...: block or refusal of painful memories
whatever comes to mind;
catharsis;
resistances
97
Assessments in Freud's Theory
* Dream Analysis
* dreams show ..., ..., and ...
* types:
* ... content - actual dream events
* ... content - hidden and symbolic meaning
repressed desires; fears; conflicts;
manifest;
latent
98
Freud's Research
* Freud used the ... method
* scientific research is done with ... - perception below the threshold of ...
* some concepts are ...
case study;
subliminal perception;
conscious awareness;
difficult to measure
99
Freud's Research
* Research supports Freud's concepts of:
* influence of the ...
* ..., ..., ..., and ...
* dreams as a reflection of ...
* ...
unconscious;
displacement; repression; denial; projection;
emotional concerns;
freudian slip
100
Extensions of Freudian Theory
* Anna Freud and ... psychology
* expanded the role of ...
* held that the ... operates independent of the ...
ego;
ego;
ego;
id
101
Reflections on Freud's Theory
* psychoanalysis has had an impact on
* psychological ... and ...
* the image of ...
* understanding ...
* the emerging study of ...
theories; practices;
human nature;
personality;
motivation
102
Reflections on Freud's Theory
* Criticisms of psychoanalysis
* emphasis on ..., ..., and ...
* lack of ... and ... human qualities
* ... definitions of Freudian concepts
biology;
determinism;
sex;
healthy; positive;
ambiguous
103
Jung's Theory of Personality: Analytic Psych
* disagreed with Freud regarding the:
* role of ...
* forces that ...
* ...
sexuality;
influence personality;
unconscious
104
Life of Jung
* 1875 - 1961
* viewed:
* father as ..., ..., and ...
* mother as ... and ...
kind;
weak;
powerless;
powerful;
emotionally unstable
105
Life of Jung
* ..., ..., and ...
* found solace in his ..., ..., and ...
introverted; lonely; isolated;
dreams; visions; fantasies
106
Life of Jung:
* studied ... and specialized in ...
* became a disciple of ...
* severed the relationship after disagreements
* had a ... episode
* overcame through self analysis of his ...
* engaged in ... behavior
medicine; psychiatry;
Freud;
neurotic;
unconscious;
bizarre
107
Psychic Energy: Basis of Jung's System
* libid: broad generalized form of ...
* ...: term for personality
psychic energy;
psyche
108
Principles of Psychic Energy
* ... principle: conflict between opposing processs required to generate ...
* ... principle: continuous redistribution of energy
* expended or weakened energy is transferred elsewhere in the personality
* ... principle: tendency toward balance or equilibrium
opposition;
psychic energy;
equivalence;
entropy
109
aspects of personality:
* ...
* ...
* psychological ...
* psychological ...
* ...
* ...
* the...
* ...
ego;
attitudes;
functions;
types;
personal unconscious;
complexes;
collective unconscious;
archetypes
110
Ego:
* ... aspect of the psyche
* selective about what is ...
conscious;
admitted into awareness
111
attitudes of the psyche:
* extraversion - orientation toward ... and ...
* introversion - orientation toward ... and ...
external world; others;
one's own thoughts; feelings
112
pychological functions:
* ways of perceiving a person's ... and ...
* nonrational: ..., ....
* rational: ..., ...
external; internal world;
sensing; intuition;
thinking; feeling
113
Jung's psychological types:
* extraverted thinking:
* ..., ..., ...
* extraverted feeling:
* ..., ..., ...; more typical of ... than ...
logical; objective; dogmatic;
emotional; sensitive; sociable; women; men
114
Jung's psychological types:
* extraverted sensing:
* ..., ... seeking, ...
* extraverted intuiting:
* ..., able to ... and to ...
outgoing;
pleasure;
adaptable;
creative;
motivate others;
seize opportunities
115
Jung's psychological types:
* introverted thinking:
* more interested in ... than in ...
* introverted feeling:
* ..., ..., yet capable of ...
ideas; people;
reserved; undemonstrative; deep emotion
116
Jung's psychological types:
* introverted sensing:
* outwardly ..., expressing themselves in ...
* introverted intuiting:
* concerned with the .... more than ...
detached; aesthetic pursuits;
unconscious; everyday reality
117
Jung's psychological types:
* ...
* ....
* ...
* ...
* ...
* ...
* ...
* ...
extraverted thinking;
extraverted feeling;
extraverted sensing;
extraverted intuiting;
introverted thinking;
introverted feeling;
introverted sensing;
introverted intuiting
118
the personal unconscious and complexes
* personal unconscious: reservoir for material that was ...
* similar to ...
* complexes: pattern of ..., ..., ..., and ... in the personal unconscious
* organized around a ...
* may be ... or ...
once conscious;
Freud's preconscious;'
emotions;
memories;
perceptions;
wishes;
common theme;
conscious; unconscious
119
The collective unconscious and archetypes
* collective unconscious: ... of the psyche
* contains the accumulation of ... of human and pre-human species
* archetypes: images of ... in the collective unconscious
deepest level;
inherited experiences;
universal experiences
120
Archetypes:
* persona archetype: ... or ... presented to others
* shadow archetype: contains ... instincts
* self archetype: ..., ..., and ... of the total personality
public face; role;
primitive animal;
unity; integration; harmony
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Archetypes:
* opposite sex characteristics:
* animus archetype:
* ... aspect of the ... psyche
* anima archetype:
* ... aspect of the ... psyche
masculine; female;
feminine; male
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Jung's Developmental Stages
* childhood
* ... development begins when the child distinguishes between ... and ...
ego;
self;
others
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Jung's Develomental Stages:
* puberty to young adulthood:
* adolescents must adapt to the growing demands of ...
* The focus is ..., on ..., ... and ...
* the ... is dominant
reality;
external;
education;
career;
family;
conscious
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Jung's Developmental Stages
* middle age: a period of transition when focus of the personality shifts from ... to ... in an attempt to balance the ... with the ...
external;
internal;
unconscious;
conscious
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Individuation: how to reach fulfillment
* integration of all ... and ... facets of personality
conscious; unconscious
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Individuation steps;
* confront the ...
* dethrone the ...
* accept the ...
* accept the ... and ...
* ...
unconscious;
persona;
dark side;
anima; animus;
transcend
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Questions About Human Nature
* ... and ...
* mixed position about ... and ... influences
deterministic; free will;
nature; nurture
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Questions About Human Nature
* ... and ... focus
* uniqueness ...
* growth ...
* ...
past; present;
fades over time;
throughout life;
optimistic
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Jung's Assessment Techniques
* word-association test:
* ... technique
* person responds to a stimulus word with ...
* uncovers ...
projective;
any word that comes to mind;
complexes
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Jung's Assessment Techniques
* symptom analysis
* similar to ...
* ... report of symptoms
* .... of ...
catharsis;
verbal;
interpretation; free associations
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Jung's Assessment Techniques
* Dream Analysis
* interpretation of dreams to uncover ...
* held that dreams are ... and ...
* used ... to analyze dreams
unconscious content;
prospective; compensatory;
amplification
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Jung's Assessment Techniques
* Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
* based on Jung's ... and ....
* popular ...
* used for ... and ...
psychological types; attitudes;
self-report inventory;
hiring; promotion
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Research on Jung's Theory
* used life-history reconstruction:
* examining ... to identify ... patterns that may explain present ...
* analysis of data was ... and ...
* no ... and verification of ...
past experience;
developmental;
neuroses;
subjective; unreliable;
verbatim; accuracy
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Research on Jung's Theory
* psychological types
* introverts prefer ... and ... jobs
* extraverts prefer ... jobs
technical; scientific;
socially oriented
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Research on Jung's Theory
* extraverts score higher on ... and ...
* introverts prefer ...
happiness; life satisfaction;
online social contact
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Research on Jung's Theory
* female midlife crisis:
* ... experience greater emotional difficulties
* ... women feel greater self-satisfaction
* midlife crisis is resolved more easily by women with ...
* ... applies to women as well as to men
homosexual women;
black women;
independent careers;
individuation
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Reflections on Jung's Theory
* Contributions
* ... became a standard projective technique
* inspired the development of ... test and ... techniques
* influenced future theorists
word association;
Rorschach inkblot;
lie-detection
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Reflections on Jung's Theory
* Contributions
* first to emphasize the role of ... in determining behavior
* ... is supported by considerable research
future;
midlife crisis
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Reflections on Jung's Theory
* criticisms
* concepts were difficult to ...
* writings were ... and lacked ...
* embrace of the ... and ...
understand;
inconsistent;
systematization;
occult; supernatural
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