Exam 1 quizzes

Question 1

1. Earth’s atmosphere is unique bc
   
   2. Continental shields are composed of?
   3. Absence of folded mountain belts on Moon, Mars and Mercury is evidence that the crusts of these planets
   4. Picture - what is the dark blue part?
   5. The lithosphere is made up of the upper mantle and the

Answer 1

1. Earth’s atmosphere is unique bc - rich in oxygen and nitrogen
   
   2. Continental shields are composed of? - very old and intensely deformed igneous and metamorphic rock
   3. Absence of folded mountain belts on Moon, Mars and Mercury is evidence that the crusts of these planets - are immobile and may have been so throughout each planet’s history
   4. Picture - what is the dark blue part? - deep ocean trench
   5. The lithosphere is made up of the upper mantle and the - crust

Question 2

2. PRACTICE QUIZ
3. Ultimate source of energy for hydrologic system
4. Most of water in hydrologic system is contain
5. Island of Hawaii and volcanoes of Yellowstone are probably caused by
6. Isostasy in recent geologic times can be measured by
7. What time of plate boundary is shown in image from Japan?

Answer 2

1. Ultimate source of energy for hydrologic system - solar energy
   
   2. Most of water in hydrologic system is contain - in the oceans
   3. Island of Hawaii and volcanoes of Yellowstone are probably caused by - a rising mantle plume
   4. Isostasy in recent geologic times can be measured by - all of the above (rebound of crust formally occupied by ancient lakes, subsidence of area surrounding large reservoirs, uplift of eroded mountains, rebound of the crust formally occupied by glaciers)
   5. What time of plate boundary is shown in image from Japan? - looks like trenches so should be convergent (honestly not sure - check again)

Question 3

Ch. 8

Which principle below does NOT agree with the theory of catastrophism

Answer 3

• the ancient rock record was formed by the same processes at work today (true was that the earth is 6000 years old and supernatural forces were involved in the creation of the earth

Question 4

Ch. 8

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is

Answer 4

• how long it takes half of the parent isotope to decay to the daughter isotope

Question 5

Ch. 8

The law of superposition suggests that the oldest rocks in a vertically-stacked succession of rocks should be

Answer 5

at the bottom

Question 6

Ch. 8

A nonconformity is a special type of unconformity that places overlying sedimentary rocks in contact with

Answer 6

older metamorphic or igneous rocks

Question 7

Ch. 8

The Precambrian Eon is distinctive from all others bc

Answer 7

• all of the above (there was little to no life present, preserved rocks from this time are almost all (if not all) metamorphic, they’re the oldest)

Question 8

Ch. 8

Dinosaurs lived in the Cretaceous

Answer 8

• PERIOD (NOT era)

Question 9

Ch. 8

The law of cross-cutting relationships suggests that a granite dike in contact with another lithology is

Answer 9

younger than the surrounding rock

Question 10

Ch. 3

Most common mineral found in most kitchens?

Answer 10

Halite

Question 11

Ch. 3

Cleavage in minerals refers to

Answer 11

• a tendency to break along planes of weakness

Question 12

Ch. 3

For the majority of minerals, the streak color obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is

Answer 12

• less variable than the color in hand sample among crystals

Question 13

Ch. 3

Minerals are homogenous substances in that

Answer 13

• a minerals’ physical properties and geometry are spatially uniform (the material behaves much the same no matter where it is observed)

Question 14

Ch. 3

The most recently formed portion of any crystal is always found

Answer 14

• on its outer edges

Question 15

Granite rhyolite and obsidian may have the same?

Answer 15

• chemical composition

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an igneous intrusion

Answer 16

• pressure ridge (sill, laccolith and dike were)

Question 17

Igneous rocks…

Answer 17

• (all of the above) are formed through freezing of melt, can be produced at the surface of the earth as well as deep below the surface, are the most common types of rocks within the earth

Question 18

Course-grained gabbro is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained

Answer 18

• Basalt

Question 19

A dike is

Answer 19

• a vertical tabular intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers

Question 20

Volatiles refer to substances that

Answer 20

• have a tendency to evaporate and are stable as gases

Question 21

Transportation of sediment from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed

Answer 21

• erosion

Question 22

Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during

Answer 22

• lithification

Question 23

Chemical and biochemical rocks are classified primarily on the basis of

Answer 23

• mineral composition

Question 24

A sequence of rocks produced by a single transgression (raising) of the sea would be (From lowest to highest

Answer 24

• sandstone, shale, limestone

Question 25

What is the best name for a clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subrounded gravel?

Answer 25

• conglomerate

Question 26

Compared to low-grade metamorphic rocks, high-grade rocks

Answer 26

• are produced at greater temp. and pressures

Question 27

Metamorphism may be induced by

Answer 27

• (all of the above) - contact with a hot pluton, contact with hot groundwater, heat and pressure associated with deep burial

Question 28

Two common metamorphic rocks that typically lack foliation are

Answer 28

• quartzite and marble`

Question 29

Aburied body of shale is subjected to differentiated stress, causing clay minerals to realign and producing slate. This is an example of

Answer 29

• metamorphism

Question 30

The process of high-grade metamorphic rocks being altered to form low-grade metamorphic rocks is termed

Answer 30

• retrograde metamorphism

Question 31

Thermal (contact) metamorphism

Answer 31

• occurs in areas surrounding igneous intrusions