#Exam 1- Social Psychology

Question 1

What is the key concept of Agency Theory

Answer 1

The idea that we face authority-go through moral strain then either go into an autonomous or agentic state

Question 2

What is the Agentic state

Answer 2

Obeying an authority figure ( 65% of ppts shocking to 450 V)

Question 3

What is the Autonomous state

Answer 3

Making your own choice- the 35% who refused to shock to 450v

Question 4

What is moral strain

Answer 4

When people become uncomfortable with their behaviour

Question 5

Evaluation of agency theory

Answer 5

S-Milgrams study showed people in moral strain
C-original study fails to explain why people entered autonomous state
O-theories involve social impact and identity theory
U-this theory is useful as it can be applied to the police and armed forces so that one person isn’t given to much power.
T-milgram used his own study

Question 6

What does social impact theory suggest causes obedience ?

Answer 6

The strength of authority figure
The number of authority figures
And the immediacy

Question 7

What is supporting evidence for strength, number and immediacy

Answer 7

Number- milgram
Strength- ordinary man variation
Immediacy- telephone varitaion

Question 8

What is the psychosocial law

Answer 8

As number of sources increase each person has less influence

Question 9

What is the multiplicative effect

Answer 9

Combination of all three sources

Question 10

What is the divisional effect

Answer 10

Ability of speaker to persuade an audience

Question 11

Social impact theory evaluation

Answer 11

S-Milgram’s studies such as no9 telephonic experiment
C-Mullen conflicts with SIT as he said the analysis of strength and immediacy lacked consistency
O-agency theory states that it is only strength of source which affects obedience’s
U-this is useful as it shows us a various amount of factors which effect obedience levels
T-has a maths equation means predictions can be made

Question 12

What are the situational factors affecting obedience

Answer 12

Momentum of compliance
Proximity
Status of authority
Personal responsibility

Question 13

What is the momentum of compliance

Answer 13

When the change occurs slowly so that when the bad action is committed they don’t feel as bad about it

Question 14

What are the Individual factors which affect obedience

Answer 14

Personality
Culture
Gender

Question 15

What ways do personality affect obedience

Answer 15

Authoritarian- more submissive to authority figures
Locus of control- believing your behaviour is affected by outside sources
Empathy- people who have more empathy protest more

Question 16

Which culture obeys more collectivist or individualist

Answer 16

Collectivist

Question 17

Does gender effect obedience

Answer 17

No ( milgrams study shows same levels)

Question 18

What is theory explains prejudice

Answer 18

Social identity theory

Question 19

What are the three components to Social identity theory

Answer 19

Social categorisation, social identification, social comparison

Question 20

What is social categorisation

Answer 20

Process of deciding which group you belong to

Question 21

What is social identification

Answer 21

Absorbing the culture of that group

Question 22

What is social comparison

Answer 22

Making your in-group look better then your out-group

Question 23

Evaluation of social identity theory

Answer 23

S-sherif’s study into prejudice- social comparison when the two groups would fight
C-sherif’s findings conflict with SIT and agree with RCT because it suggests that conflict was caused over shared resources
O-realistic conflict theory
U-shows that super ordinate goals reduces prejudice in society
T- society isn’t as simple as in groups and out groups and Is therefore reductionist and hard to test out

Question 24

What is the key idea behind realistic conflict theory

Answer 24

That prejudice occurs over a competition over a shared resource.

Question 25

What are the three main components to RCT

Answer 25

In group favouritism Inter group conflict Superordinate goals

Question 26

What do Ingroup favouritism, intergroup conflict and superordinate goals mean

Answer 26

In group - seeing needs of your group as bigger then others Inter group conflict- conflict between two groups Superordinate goals- when groups work together

Question 27

RCT evaluation

Answer 27

S- sheriff’s study showed that superordinate goals solve prejudice C-Duckitt suggests it comes from unequal status - Falkland island war O- social identity theory U- can be used in real life to be able to remove prejudice from society

Question 28

What are the individual factors affecting prejudice and discrimination

Answer 28

Authoritarian personality Ethnocentrism Locus of control

Question 29

What are situational factors which affect prejudice

Answer 29

Culture Competition Presence of a group

Question 30

What was the aim of milgrams original study

Answer 30

Test to see if Germans were different to other

Question 31

Who participated in milgrams study

Answer 31

40 US males

Question 32

How many went to 450 v in milgrams study

Answer 32

65%

Question 33

Evaluation of milgrams original study

Answer 33

``` G- no R- yes high control factors A-police and military V- iv- high Ev- low E- no protection from harm No right to withdrawal Limited consent Debriefed ```

Question 34

What was no 10 of milgrams variation.

Answer 34

Run down office block

Question 35

What was no 7 of milgrams experiment

Answer 35

Telephonic instruction

Question 36

What was no 13 of milgrams experiments

Answer 36

Ordinary man

Question 37

What is the contemporary study for social psychology

Answer 37

Burger ( up dated milgram )

Question 38

How many continued to full charge in burgers study

Answer 38

63.3%

Question 39

Evaluation of burger

Answer 39

Same as milgram | More ethical as it had a screening process and only went to 150v

Question 40

Who was the prejudice classical study

Answer 40

Sherif et al

Question 41

What happened in sherifs study

Answer 41

Two groups of boys spend time in summer camp. The groups have a competition between each other

Question 42

What were the results of sherifs study

Answer 42

Stage 2 friendships were 6.4% and 7.5% | Stage 3 36.4% and 23.2%

Question 43

Evaluation of sherifs study

Answer 43

``` G- only young American boys R- high control factors all white and same age and class A- applicable as it shows how to get rid of prejudice V - high internal validity - high ecological validity E- consent was given Boys made up after There was fighting ```

Question 44

What is the key question for social psychology

Answer 44

Can psychology explain cult behaviour

Question 45

Facts about cults (A01)

Answer 45

Follow strong living leader Cult leader Is often manipulative Cult members don’t have authoritarian personality and are vulnerable

Question 46

A02 what theories explain cult behaviour

Answer 46

Agency theory- cults have strong figure head KKK has multiple leaders Social impact theory- KKK once had 4 million member RCT- white members believe black take away white rights

Question 47

What was the practical for social psychology

Answer 47

Does age influence beliefs about homosexuality

Question 48

What were the results of the social practical

Answer 48

3. 3 for younger | 5. 77 - older have a more varied opinion

Question 49

Evaluation of practical

Answer 49

G- no only people from north east England R- high control factors everyone revived same questions A- can show to see if older have more prejudice outlook V- low ecological validity High internal validity E- some people may be offended by topic of questionaire