Flashcards in Exam 2- Learning Approach Deck (29):
1
What is the summary of classical conditioning
If a behaviour is repeated so many times it becomes learnt. It’s why we expect a response from certain stimulus.
2
What is a UCS
Smell of food ( something that produces a response naturally )
3
What is the UCR
Natural reflex to the UCS- salivation at the smell of food
4
What is a CS
A learnt response
5
What is the CR
When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus
6
What is extinction
When the CR disappears
7
What is spontaneous recovery
When CR returns in a weakened form
8
Difference between discrimination and generalisation
Discrimination is when it only occurs for that specific item, where’s generalisation is when the response is for all similar items
9
What supports classical conditioning
Pavlov and his study on dogs
10
Difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Classical conditioning focuses upon the idea that if a behaviour is repeated so many times it becomes learnt however operant is the idea that we learn behaviour if it was reinforced
11
Positive and negative reinforcement are part of which theory
Operant conditioning
12
What theory does SLT work alongside
Conditioning
13
Summary of SLT
Behaviour is learned through the observation of role models
14
What are attention, retention and reproduction
Attention- paying attention to a behaviour
Retention-remembering that behaviour
Reproduction- the reproduction of the behaviour
15
What is vicarious reinforcement
When a person is rewarded for hard work ( positive reinforcement)
16
How can systematic desensitisation help overcome fears
Aims to replace undesirable fear by replacing it with desirable one such as relaxation
17
How does flooding work
Having to face your fear head on
18
How does classical conditioning explain phobias
anxiety provoking UCS is associated with a once neutral stimulus
19
How does operant conditioning explain phobias
Phobias become worse when repeatedly reinforcing the avoidance of a mildly fearful thing
20
How can social learning theory explain phobias
We learn phobias through vicarious reinforcement, we observe that fear from a role model, remember it and then repeat that behaviour
21
Difference between the three Bandura studies
1961- violence witnessed in real life
1963- the violence shown was from a film
1965- see if reward or punishment at the end of violence effected levels of aggression
22
What is the classic study in learning psychology
Watson and Raynor- see if a 9 month old boy could be conditioned into having a phobia of a white rat.
23
What was the aim of Becker’s study and how many took part
To investigate how prolonged exposure of TV affected eating behaviours of 63 Fijian girls
24
Why is anorexia an issue
Affects 1/200 adolescents
85% of young women worry about their looks
Affects 1% of 15-18 year old girls
25
How does operant conditioning explain anorexia
Positive reinforcement for being thin or negative for being fat
26
How does social learning theory explain anorexia
People imitate their role models
27
What is the psychodynamic explanation of anorexia
Women do it as a regression to child ( prevent growing older )
28
Aim of the learning psychology practical
Conduct an observation into males and females behaviour on public transport covert ppt observation
29